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Urban Studies
CHP 1
17
Geography
Undergraduate 2
09/05/2009

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Term
urban economics
Definition
Takes micro and macro and places them in context. A field within economics that focuses on the causes and consequences of the location decisions made by households and business firms located in urban areas.
Term
Micro economics
Definition
The study of the behavior of individual consumers and firms, including the study of how prices are determined and markets for specific goods or services, how goods are distributed among the population, and how income are market exchange is distributed.
Term
Macro economics
Definition
The study of the behavior of the national economy as a whole, including the study of gross domestic product, inflation, unemployment, and economic growth.
Term
Externalities
Definition
Her costs or benefits in production or consumption that is not a cure to the producer or consumer of the commodity.
Term
Equity
Definition
Fairness, equality.
Term
Multiple identities
Definition
The situation in which an individual may have one persona within a specific group and one time in a completely different persona with another group at another time.
Term
Efficiency
Definition
Using resources in the most possible way. This entails either maximizing output with a given set of inputs, or minimizing the amount of inputs needed to produce a given amount of output.
Term
Competitive advantage
Definition
Affirms success in a particular industry against rival firms producing the same, or similar, product. Competitive advantage can be deemed either through low-cost production or product differentiation, producing a unique product or one that is considered to be of higher quality or more innovative.
Term
Comparative advantage
Definition
The most efficient location for production of any particular product or service.
Term
Regime theory
Definition
An approach to understanding the relationships between government and private sectors as decisions are made that affect urban areas. Regimes are informal coalitions that represent business, government, and others were working toward a goal that requires the participation of both private and public sectors. Parties within the coalition may not have the same exact interest but are willing to put this page in the movement toward a goal because of the benefits that are expected from achieving their goal, or because the promises that have been made from other members of the Croatian to acquire their cooperation.
Term
Pluralism
Definition
Another name for interest group theory, the belief that public sector decision-making can best be understood through the realization that decision-makers face competing pressures and demands for formal and informal groups of individuals, with each group trying to persuade decision-makers to make decisions favorable to that group.
Term
Elitism
Definition
The belief that public sector decision-making reflects the interests and values of powerful individuals or groups, rather than the interests of the public at large.
Term
Growth machine
Definition
A concept that emphasizes the role of real estate investors, bankers, and other local business interests acting out of self interest to promote intensification of land-use as their primary objective.
Term
Spatial relocation
Definition
The movement of households, businesses, and other activities from one geographic area to another. Spatial relocation includes movement from one country to another, from one match our area to another, or from city to suburb (and vice versa).
Term
Industrial transformation
Definition
The prosperity and growth of some industries, while others become obsolete.
Term
Demographic shifts
Definition
Changes in the population characteristics of the city, suburb, or other geographic area. These would include changes in the racial and ethnic composition of the population, as was changes in the age structure, it's nativity, or number of people per household.
Term
Population density
Definition
A statistical measure of the number of people who live within a certain land area. Also, a descriptive attributes meaning large numbers of people living in close Park submitted to each other.
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