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pre 1880
N and W Europe
English Speaking, Familiar with culture
assimilated
helped chicago grow |
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Father of the machine
Was mayor from 1931 to 1933 (1st machine mayor)
Convinced citys communities to corporate together to achieve political success
Hated Prohibition
He played ethnic lines
Was killed in 1933 during an assassination attempt on FDR |
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Single black family moved into all white apartment building. Whites looted and burned the complex. 45o National Guard and 200 policemen calmed the crowd. Kennelly was indecisive and tried to please both sides
He allienated black community and allowed whites to take control of the situation. |
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| Democratic mayor who does not use the machine. Served as mayor from 1947 to 1955. Fought the CCDP. Championed reform, vice crackdowns. Lacked backing of the machine, he therefore accomplished little |
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| Served from 1976-1979, succeeded Daley. He maintained the status quo. His main failure was the blizzard of 1979. He was the mayor who made the city stop working. |
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| Mayor from 1979-1983. Succeeded Michael Bilandic. She ran as anti-machine democrat. She later fell back on the machine. She moved into Cabrini Green, she increased number of minorities working in the city hall, she was the first female mayor. She eliminated 1,000 jobs, raised taxes. She became a hypocrit because she couldnt get council votes by herself, so the needed the machine. |
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| Mayor from 1983-1987. Succeeded Jane Byrne. He supported the machine before running for mayor. He removed himself from the machine right before running because of how the machine treated blacks. He mobilized the black community to vote. He was the 1st black mayor. He was popular with hispanic votes. Ethnic ordiance- how politicians should act, targeted corruption. |
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| Mayor from 1989-present. He saw himself as a CEO of Chicago, not a political boss. Patronage jobs signify that the machine is coming back. He is the 1st white candidate to defeat a black uncumbent. In 1997, he won the municipal leader of the year award. The city beautiful movement- one of his largest accomplishments. Failures may be the return of the machine. Rising crime rate, Whether or not he gets the Olympics, sell ing the parking meters, and Meigs field are his failures. No one huge failure, couple of little things. |
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| Jean Baptiste Pointe DuSable |
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| 1st permanent resident of Chicago. born in Haiti, well educated, settled with wife in 1779, friendly with the Natives, house was located where sun times building is today. 1st permanent resident(him) was a wealthy black man- married to a Potawatomi woman, multicultural family. |
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| Located along the Chicago River. Named after Henry Dearborn, built by John Whistler. Plaques today where it stood. It controlled remote reaches of US frontier. Significant because Americans claimed the area. |
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| Hostile natives surrounded the fort. American's knew they were going to loose because so many Indians. Americans surrender the fort & evacuate. Mid-evacuation- 600 natives ambusch settlers and friendly Potawatomi killed 60 out of 94 settlers, Natives burn the fort. |
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| Illinois settlers vs. Sac, Fox, Kickapoo led by Blackhawk. Fought over land, orignially Natives, settlers wanted it. Settlers believed they bought the land, Natives never remembered selling the land. Militia came to defend settlers. Natives go to talk, come back to where the war is occuring, with a flag that read dont shoot we are here to talk, militia shot and killed them anyway. they were defeated in 15 weeks. Abe Lincoln was a part of this war. This was the last war in Illinois, it pushes the natives out. Large population increase after this war (all whites) |
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| War has a significant indirect impact on the city. It unleashed anti-German sentiments which severely affected the city's German population. The community was strong and vibrant on the eve of World war I. Germans were one of the highly assimilated groups in Chicago. |
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| 30,000 blacks lived in the city in 1910. 3/4 of the city's African American population lived in the South Side's Black Belt. The black belt was a long narrow strip of land along State Street. it stretched for more than 30 blocks. |
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| The city's black newspaper. May have been the most influential newspaper in pre world war II america/ Founded in 1905 by Robert S. Abbott. He was a black Georgian who came to Chicago in 1899. Was an outspoken critic of southern racial discrimination. By 1920m its ciruclation was 230,000. |
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| Proved that all was not well for blacks in Chi. Caused by post World Was I dynamics that existed in Chicago. Conclusion of world war I in 1918 brought frustration not jubilation to many Chicago ethnic groups. Seemed as if every ethnic group was protesting. at one time 250,000 Chicagoans were on strike, threatening to go on strike or locked out by their employers. City faced small housing shortages. Black population doubled during the war, there was nowhere for them to live. White man threw a rock at a black boy swimming in the lake, named Eugene Williams, rock struck his forehead and he drowned. William's friends found the police and found the man who threw the rock. White policeman refused to arrest the man. A riot occurred on the beach. Blacks and whites were throwing rocks and bricks at each other. 6 days of rioting began. Riot ended only when National Guard entered Chi. 15 whites and 23 blacks died. 500 Chicagoans has been injured. 3,000 city residents were left homeless by arsonists. Chicago riot of 1919 was the largest. |
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| Took effect in Chicago and across the nation in January 1920. 18th ammendment and the volstead act banned the production of sale and consumption of alcohol. Last Hurrah of the progressive movement. People who could afford to pay premium prices turned alcohol into a status symbol. There were many under cover taverns which sold alcohol, despite the law( called speakeasies). Some people paid police $15 to $125 for their silence |
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| St. valentines Day Massacre of 1929 |
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| Crime, Corruption, beer and liquor. Capone's men executed 7 members of the o'baniongang. This killing allowed Capone to consolidate his control over the city. Roaring 20s were destroyed with this event. Extremely bad light towards Chicago. |
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| William "big Bill" Thompson |
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| Chicago's gangsters fighting in the streets, he was fighting in city hall. Years between 1915 and 1930 were among the most colorful years in the city's history. "Big Bill" helped with a transition. Before 1915, politics was mainly centered around middle and upper class chicagoans. Post 1931 they focused much more on everyone. He served as mayor from 1915 to 1923 and 1927 to 1931. He was loud, obnoxious and an uneducated demagogue. He was openly corrupt. He allegedly received significant sums of money from Al Capone. He was very successful. |
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| Many people were furious that Thompson won in 1919. A bi-partisan committee selected William E. Dever to run against Thompson. Dever was a model candidate. Thompson sat out the 1923 election, so Dever was victorious. He became billed as America's best mayor. He fixed everything thompson messed up. He stumbled on the alcohol issue, he opposed Prohibition. he decided to enforce Prohibition, he was very successful. Al Capone even fled Chi and established his headquarters in Cicero. Prohibiton enforcement alienated the city's immigrants, blacks, vice lords, and blue-collar workers. On the night of the 1927 election, he staged a massive vice raid. He targeted only the black belt. He arrested more than 1,000 African Americans. Thompson won the 1927 election. |
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| Hard Manual Labor, no education, Lived in neighborhoods near their jobs ( Polish downtown, South Chicago-near steel mills), lower W. Side- near factories, 2 neighborhoods by stockyards. believed in the Polish Catholic Church, bad relationship with the Roman Catholic Church. Had no political power, they voted as a bloc- all voted together ( innefective) Did not assimilate, made their own neighborhoods and their own institutions. |
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| 1st immigrated to Chicago in the 1850s. They found work through the Padrone System. They refused to work inside 1/3 of city's population was located near the west side near Taylor Street and the hull House. This area was qualified as a slum. Neighborhood called Little Sicily or Little Hell ( located on Near North Side). they were Catholic but did not follow the roman Catholic Church, because they sided with rich people, Italians were not rich. They had no political involvement, because they were only in the US temporarily. Campanilismo- entire villages traveling to the us in masses. They did not assilimate because they stayed together in Italian neighborhoods, and they went back to Italy after they got enough money |
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| 3rd Largest population in the city. They were door to door salesman, vendors on Maxwell street. they needed english to communicate. Neighborhoods were Maxwell street and halstead and SW of downtown. They were Orthodox Judaism, they kept Kosher, spoke Hebrew and yiddish, they wore long black coats and long black dresses. They did assimilate because they needed social skills to be vendors and they did not because they had their orthodox religious beliefs. |
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| They took jobs from Italians; fruit and vegetable peddling. They wouldn't take labor jobs. They owned their owned businesses. They lived on N Side. newer immigrants lived on W side Delta (greek town). greek orthodox religion. opened schools which taught greek language saturdays only. went to public school monday thru friday. Did not have any political involvement. They did assimilate by going to public school, but they did not assimilate by having their self sufficient colony. |
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| 2% were illiterate. They created vuilding and loan associations, they were artisans. they lived in pilsen, a neightborhood on the W side. they lived on California Ave. ( Czech california). they were Catholic, some were free thinkers, and some were socialists. they linked politics to economic success. They combined with other ethnic groups to be more politically powerful. They formed coalitionsm and they elected Anton Cermak, they only immigrant-born mayor in 1951. they did assimilate beacuse they came to stay, they formed coalitions. |
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| They arrived in waves.1st wave worked on the Illinois and Michigan canal. 2nd wave were skilled traders, metal workers, and factory workers. They were on the lower paying end. Lived in Andersonville on the far N side and they also lived on the NW and the south side |
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| The Portage was a small river/stream/swamp. The portage helped connect the DesPlanes River to the Chicago River. The portage allowed travlers to travel by water across the US. They could also stop to trade in Chigagou. When Chigagou was cold, people could stop and settle. Ultimately, the portage connected the atlantic ocean to the Gulf Of mexico. Great Lakes to chicago river to portage, the desplanes river to the illinois river to the mississippi river and then down the Gulf of mexico. |
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| a marshy land Native americans knew about before Chicago. Chigagou was located about 4 miles away from lake michigan. There were bugs and a 5 mile piece of land that contained nothing. Settlers called it mud lake. The soil in Chigagou was not very fertile, and the growing season was not very long. Temp was bitterly cold. |
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| Missionary for the Roman Catholic Church. He wanted to convert the people living in Chigagou to Christianity. He was a good explorer, and spoke 6 different languages. He was a good cartographer. Louis Joliet and Marquette traveled to Wisconsin for a month, and then came across the Mississippi river, they traveled south along the river and came across the Arkansas River. They discovered that these two rivers led to the Gulf Of Mexico, not the Pacific Ocean. They traveled for 2500 miles and they were near Chigagou. they became the first white men to see Chigagou. They were the first men to map Chigagou |
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| He was a french explorer, younger than 30. He wanted to map the middle of North america, and wanted to claim new territory for France. Traveled with Marquette, and discovered that the rivers lead into the gulf of mexico, not the pacific ocean. He helped to map out Chigagou, and was one of the first white men to see Chigagou. |
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| France told Robert de LaSalle and Henry de Tonty to build a bunch of forts in the middle of North America. This would show that the territory was France's. These two men passed through chigagou in 1681-1682. They marked the Mississippi river Basin France's territory, and they named it Louisiana, after French kink Louis XIV. LaSalle was killed in 1684 by a group of French colonists, when he misread his maps, and they became lost in wilderness. |
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| a small city magazine, critized immigrants. Routinely told its readers about an alleged Roman Catholic Plot.( Overthrow the governemnt/ make all obey pope). Pointed out that 625 out of 675 liquor establishments were owned by immigrants. |
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| German, irish marched to the courthouse to get their saloon keepers released. 1 man was killed, many were injured and arrested. The immigrants were fighting back, marks the end of the Know-Nothing Party. |
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| Prison located just south of downtown. Held 12,000 prisoners of was (confederate soldiers). It was a turrist attraction, it was a horrible place people all stared at the confederates, nicknames 80 acres of hell. |
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| He was mayor, a yale graduate, a lawyer, he came to the city in 1855. Mayor for 4 consecutive terms (1870-1887) He supported labor unions. Rich Anglo-Americans dislikes him. He was very charming, and later won the support of the Anglos. "Out Of Sight, Out Of Mind" Alcohol issue, he believed that you will never be able to get rid of bad things, just dont flaunt it. Everyone was happy, people vote for him, everyone stays happy. 1 bad thing: he talked out of both sides of his mouth. |
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| Played in intercollegate league football since 1882. It had a dry campus - no alcohol. ( huge difference compared to evanston around it.) |
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| Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal |
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| Chicago engineering feat. Built a 2 mile tunnel which ran under lake michigan. Reversed the flow of the Chicago River. This shows Chicago's determination fot what seemed impossible |
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| owned Marshall Field retail store. He was a multi-millionaire. Largest retail store in America in late 1800s. Employed 90,000 workers. Very popular with middle and upper class workers. He made returns available. 1. Customer is always right 2. give the lady what she wants. |
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| a town built for Pullman employees. Built by Pullman. High rent rates, taxed church & fee to use library, everything was expensive. Pullman has complete control of citizens. |
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| Says that Chicago is wicked, cruel, and brutal. Made up name City Of Big Shoulders, and published it in 1914. Said that chicago was alive with energy, opportunity, and accomplishments. It provided a realistic view of the city. |
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| Served as mayor from 1933 to 1947. Cozy relationship with organized crime. He helped African Americans seek housing outside the Black Belt. He ordered policeman to protect blacks. This cost him the votes of whites and the Machine in the 1947 election |
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| 1937 steel workers strike. Policeman fired into the crowd killing 10 men and wounding 30 others. Mayor Kelly's initial reaction was to defend the police, and blame the workers. Federal Gov determined that police were at fault. Kelly apologized to workers. He is known for his ability to admit errors, and to apologize. |
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| Us Representative from 1942 to 1970. He served as a middle man between the black community and the CCDP. He never demanded progress in race relations. |
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| Served as mayor from 1947 to 1955. He was a democratic mayor who does not use the machine. He lacked backing of the machine, therefore, he accomplished little. |
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| Chicago recieved almost no government assistance. Immigrants came to Chicago penniless. When they needed assistance, they turned to the hundreds of mutual aid societies, the ethnic communities had created themselves. The immigrants were able to help themselves. They were very successful. |
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| He helped to sustain the town during 1836 and 1850. He was reared in a rich family. He sold real estate when he was a teenager. He urged the railroad lines to extend to New York. He moved to Chicago after his brother invested in it. He arrived to Chicago when the population was 3,200. He was elected the first town mayor in 1835. He lost money, like others, when the land speculation fell through |
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| There was a need for laborers, so the Irish immigrants responded. Thousands came before the Civil War. Most were unskilled, illeterate, and impoverished. They took such jobs as canal building. Most settled in Bridgeport. |
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| Chicago Anti-Slavery Society |
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| Began in 1840. Three white chicagoans led this group. One of the earliest medical doctors, one of the cities druggists and the first Presbyterian Church's Flavel Bascome. The Western Citizen began pubishing in Chicago in 1842. Shows how Chicago was Anti-Slavery |
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| John "Bathhouse" Coughlin |
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| One of Chicago's most powerful politicians. He defined the Republican and Democrat parties in a homely, but perspective manner. |
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| Before the mid 1850s the city has no comprehensive sewer system. The garbage from 100,000 Chicagoans and their animals were thrown into the streets, or into the Chicago River. One local meat packaging house might easily have 120 wagonloads of waste to dispose of each day. In 1854, because of the garbage, and unhealthy living conditions, a cholera epidemic killed 6% of all Chicagoans. |
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| in the 1870s, many Chicagoans were intrigued by a new sport: baseball. The Chicago white Stockings were formed in 1870. Over 1,000 turned out to watch the White Stockings play. Albert G. Spalding was convinced to join the team in 1876. They paid Spalding over 2,000 dollars annually, this made a sensation. Spalding made the Chicago White Stockings the most successful team in America by 1890. The Chicago White Stockings brought in a lot of money and tourists. |
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| He was a cabinet maker and a construction contractor in his home state of NY. He came to Chicago in 1855. He mastered the art of using jacks to raise chicago's buildings out of the mud. In 1864, he built an elaborate comfortable sleeping car. He called it a palace on wheels. It had heaters, carpeting, comfortable beds, and many other amazing features. He formed the Pullman Palace Car company in 1867. His car helped travel long distance. |
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| In 1893 Pullman fired thousands of his workers, cut wages 25% for those he retained, and he also refused to lower rents in his town. All of this occurred during a national depression. Pullman's workers organized, protested, and finally went on a strike in 1894. Local strike spread nationwide, and it involved 125,006 workers. With assistance from the fed. gov. he crushed the strike. Pullman died in 1897, he was more of a villian than a hero to many Americans. |
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| Ethnic group that was highly assimilated into Chicago culture, so much that they reformed their ethnic religion to allow for dining with members of other religions. |
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| Ethnic group that came to Chicago as skilled laborers and greatly loved their beer and taverns. |
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| Military outpost created north of Chicago, for the sole purpose of maintaining order in the event of a riot or violent uprising. |
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| Chicago Housing Association (CHA) |
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| Governmental organization that helped pigeonhole African Americans into areas on the South and Northwest Side. |
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| Governmental organization that helped pigeonhole African Americans into areas on the South and Northwest Side. |
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| Chicago style Of architecture |
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| Artistic style that married function with aesthetics, in which buildings were not only useful but physically attraction. |
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| Polluted drainage pipe that carried the stockyard’s byproducts into the south branch of the Chicago River. |
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| Illinois and Michigan Canal |
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| Canal that linked the Illinois River with the south branch of the Chicago River. |
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| Neighborhood that was built in the 1940’s and 1950’s, that was formerly unoccupied farmland before becoming a residential community. |
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| Portion of the World’s Fair that offered a glimpse of life and culture around the globe, such as a mock Eskimo village, a German village, etc. |
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| Begun in 1849, this involved using large mechanical jacks to life homes, stores, and warehouses, from 4 to 14 feet |
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| Mass movement of African Americans from the South to Northern urban centers. |
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| One of the city’s German-language newspapers that printed antagonistic headlines the day of the Haymarket Riot. |
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| Type of political arrangement dominated by a city boss who traded government jobs and public works projects in exchange for votes. |
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| Proposal for the reorganization of Chicago, by replacing crowded city streets with landscaped boulevards like Lake Shore Drive. |
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| Federal programs like the Works Progress Administration that employed thousands of men during the Great Depression. |
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| Opened the first mail-order retail company in America by directly offering Midwestern farmers goods at a cheap price without involving a middle man. |
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| Author who immortalized Chicago in his novel The Jungle. |
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| Chicago’s first black city council member. |
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Haymarket Defendants, Union Stockyards, Jackson park, 1920s building Boom in the Loop, Black ghettos, white city, Progressive movement, 8 October 1871, Haymarket Bombing, Refridgerated Railroad Car, Jazz, Charles Tyson Yerkes, Fred Busse, Carter harrison II, Jane Addams, Charles A. Dana, Cyrus McCormick, Philip Armour, Al Capone, Richard J. Daley, O'Hare Airport, 1960 election: vote fraud, Robert Taylor Homes, 1968 Democratic Convention
( If you know any of these, please let me know!!! UGH URBAN SUCKS, but im fucking done :) |
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