Term
An unsaturated fat differs from a saturated fat by:
A) the number of fatty acids
B) the number of glycerols
C) the number of phosphate functional groups added to the molecule
D) the number of C=C bonds in the molecule
E) the number of carboxyl groups |
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Definition
| D) the number of C=C bonds in the molecule |
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Term
The tertiary structure of a polypeptide or protein is in the form of, or consists of:
A) two or more globular proteins bound together
B) a helix
C) a three-dimensional globular shape
D) a linear arrangement of amino acids
E) a protein with several different carbohydrates attached to it |
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Definition
| C) a three-dimensional globular shape |
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Term
The atomic number of carbon is 6. 14C is heavier than 12C because 14C has:
A) 8 protons
B) 8 neutrons
C) 6 neutrons
D) 14 neutrons |
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Definition
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Term
Suppose you have two atoms in front of you. One is an atom with an atomic number 2 and atomic mass 3; the other is an atom with atomic number 6 and atomic mass 13. Neither is an ion. Which of the following statements is true of both atoms?
A) Both have more neutrons than protons
B) Both have more protons than neutrons
C) Both have the same number of neutrons
D) Both have two electrons in their innermost shell
E) Both have a total of three electrons in their second shell |
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Definition
| D) Both have two electrons in their innermost shell |
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Term
How do isotopes of an element differ from each other?
A) number of protons
B) number of electrons
C) number of neutrons
D) their ability to interact with other atoms
E) the number of valence electrons shells |
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Definition
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Term
In the term 'trace element', the adjective 'trace' means:
A) the element passes rapidly through the organism
B) the element can be used as a label to trace atoms through the organism's metabolic pathways
C) the element enhances health but it is not needed for the organism's long-term survival
D) the element is very rare on Earth
E) the element is required, but in very small amounts |
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Definition
| E) the element is required, but in very small amounts |
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Term
A cation with two units of charge has 12 neutrons and 12 protons. The ion also has:
A) 10 electrons
B) 8 electrons
C) 6 electrons
D) 12 electrons
E) 14 electrons |
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Definition
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Term
A covalent bond between two atoms is likely to be polar if:
A) one of the atoms is much more electronegative than the other
B) the two atoms are of the same element
C) the molecule in which the bond occurs has a specific shape
D) the two atoms are equally electronegative
E) two of the above answers are correct. |
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Definition
| A) one of the atoms is much more electronegative than the other |
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Term
Proteins and nucleic acids do not share which of the following elements?
A) Oxygen
B) Carbon
C) Nitrogen
D) Phosphorus
E) Proteins and nucleic acids actually share all of the above answers |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not true of water?
A) the typical cell is composed mostly of water
B) water is very nonpolar
C) water is involved in many metabolic reactions of the cell
D) water is the universal solvent for living things
E) all of the above statements are actually true of water |
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Definition
| B) water is very nonpolar |
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Term
Which of the following, if any, is/are true statements?
A) biological communities are made up of populations
B) all living organisms are made up of organ systems
C) ecosystems are made up of communities and the nonliving environment
D) all of the above statements are true
E) all of the above statements are false |
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Definition
| D) all of the above statements are true |
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Term
The Earth is continually bathed by sunlight streaming in from the sun. However, no additional mass (ignoring meteorites and our rockets and satellites) is lost or gained by the planet. With respect to the entire Earth as one system, it is ________ to energy and ________ to matter.
A) open, open
B) closed, closed
C) closed, open
D) open, closed |
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Definition
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Term
A metabolic reaction that releases energy is a ________ reaction.
A) xerogonic
B) endergonic
C) exergonic
D) epigonic
E) isogonic |
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Definition
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Term
The symbol '=' between two oxygen atoms (for example: O=O):
A) indicates that two pairs of electrons are shared
B) indicates that one pair of electrons are shared
C) indicates that one pair of protons are shared
D) indicates that the atoms are held together by an ionic bond
E) indicates that the two atoms are held together by a hydrogen bond |
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Definition
| A) indicates that two pairs of electrons are shared |
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Term
An enzyme accelerates a metabolic reaction by:
A) altering the overall free energy of the reaction
B) making an endergonic reaction occur spontaneously
C) pushing the reaction away from equilibrium
D) lowering the activation energy
E) making the substrate molecule more stable |
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Definition
| D) lowering the activation energy |
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Term
The transfer of free energy from a catabolic reaction to an anabolic reaction is called:
A) feedback inhibition
B) bioenergetics
C) coupled reactions
D) entropy
E) cooperativity |
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Definition
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Term
Zinc, an essential trace element, is present in the active site of the enzyme carboxypeptidase and is needed for catalysis to occur. The zinc ion most likely functions as:
A) a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme
B) a noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme
C) as the substrate
D) as a cofactor
E) as a coenzyme derived from a vitamin |
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Definition
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Term
A triple covalent bond involves a total of ________ electrons.
A) 3
B) 9
C) 8
D) 6
E) electrons are not involved in covalent bonds |
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Definition
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Term
The pH of the human small intestine is roughly 7.5. At this pH, an enzyme known as trypsin hydrolyzes proteins at a high rate. From this statement, you know that trypsin at this pH is:
A) coagulated
B) denatured
C) working under slightly acidic conditions
D) working under slightly basic conditions
E) that trypsin cannot be a protein |
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Definition
| D) working under slightly basic conditions |
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Term
A solution that has a pH of 4 is ________ than a solution of pH 8.
A) 10,000 times more acidic
B) twice as acidic
C) twice as basic
D) 40 times more basic
E) 10,000 times more basic |
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Definition
| A) 10,000 times more acidic |
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Term
Which of the following is not a characteristic of carbon that contributes to its importance in living things?
A) ability to bond with a maximum of 4 other atoms
B) tendency to only form hydrogen bonds
C) ability to form single and double covalent bonds
D) ability to bond together to form extensive branches or unbranched carbon skeletons
E) all of the above are actually characteristics of carbon that make it important to living things |
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Definition
| B) tendency to only form hydrogen bonds |
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Term
Which of the following molecules is most likely a carbohydrate?
A) C5H10O2N4
B) C5H5O10
C) C5H10O5
D) C5H5O5P
E) C5H5O5SH |
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Definition
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Term
Triglycerides are held together by ________ bonds.
A) phosphodiester bonds
B) peptide bonds
C) glycosidic bonds
D) ester bonds
E) none of the above |
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Definition
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Term
What two functional groups are present on every amino acid?
A) carboxyl group and sulfide group
B) sulfide group and hydroxyl group
C) amino group and carbonyl group
D) amino group and carboxyl group
E) amino group and sulfide group |
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Definition
| D) amino group and carboxyl group |
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Term
The opossum has mammary glands. The anteater has mammary glands. The black bear has mammary glands. The cat has mammary glands. If you make a generalization from these facts and state that "all mammals have mammary glands", you have formed:
A) a deductive statement
B) an inductive statement |
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Definition
| B) an inductive statement |
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Term
When an atom or molecule, such as chlorophyll, is excited by absorbing heat or light, one or more electrons may be boosted into a higher energy level that is ________ the atom's nucleus.
A) farther from
B) closer towards |
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Definition
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Term
End products of metabolic pathways, that can inhibit a regulatory enzyme, bind to the ________ site of that enzyme.
A) coenzyme
B) allosteric
C) active
D) reactive
E) substrate |
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Definition
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Term
Nucleotides
A) are composed of fatty acids and glycerol
B) contain nitrogen bases
C) are composed of long strings of nucleic acids covalently bound together
D) Answers A, B, and C are all correct
E) Answers A, B, and C are all incorrect |
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Definition
| B) contain nitrogen bases |
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Term
A tentative explanation that might be true and is subject to testing by further observations under controlled conditions is:
A) an experiment
B) a conclusion
C) a scientific principle
D) a hypothesis
E) a theory |
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Definition
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Term
In the scientific method, after making an initial observation, what should one do next?
A) make a law
B) construct a theory
C) make a hypothesis
D) test a theory
E) make a conclusion |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?
A) DNA is a polymer, RNA is not.
B) RNA is a double helix, whereas DNA is a single helix
C) DNA contains a different sugar than RNA
D) DNA has different purine bases than does RNA
E) Three of the above answers are correct |
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Definition
| C) DNA contains a different sugar than RNA |
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Term
The second law of thermodynamics means that for all living organisms:
A) cellular organization requires continuous energy input to maintain order
B) there is a tendency in nature towards greater molecular organization
C) energy stored by plants is unavailable for animals
D) energy can be changed from one form to another
E) all of the above answers are correct |
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Definition
| A) cellular organization requires continuous energy input to maintain order |
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Term
Which of the following is true of both any amino acid and any monosaccharide?
A) Both are monomers
B) Both contain nitrogen
C) Both contain sulfur
D) Both are hydrophobic
E) Two of the above answers are correct |
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Definition
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Term
Using enzymes, a scientist hydrolyzes a triglyceride molecule she had in a test tube. The products of hydrolysis would be:
A) amino acids and glycerol
B) glycerol and six-carbon sugars
C) fatty acids and glycerol
D) nitrogen bases and glycerol
E) Answer A through D are all correct |
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Definition
| C) fatty acids and glycerol |
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Term
Members of which kingdom or domain listed below are not composed of eukaryotic cells?
A) Bacteria
B) Plantae
C) Archaea
D) Protista
E) Two of the above answers do not have eukaryotic cells |
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Definition
| E) Two of the above answers do not have eukaryotic cells |
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Term
If two species are in the same class (for example, a dog and a cat) then they must have to be in the same:
A) species
B) order
C) population
D) family
E) kingdom |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is a compound?
A) sea water, containing many different ions
B) shrimp gumbo with okra, shrimp, and sausage
C) glucose, C6H12O6
D) oxygen gas, O2
E) a battery acid solution |
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Definition
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Term
An example of a hydrogen bond would be the weak interaction between a hydrogen of a water molecule and
A) a hydrogen of another water molecule
B) the oxygen of the same water molecule
C) a oxygen of another water molecule
D) a carbon of a sugar molecule
E) a carbon atom of carbon dioxide |
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Definition
| C) a oxygen of another water molecule |
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Term
Glycine and alanine are two amino acids. At which part of the molecule do they differ?
A) the amino group end
B) the carboxyl group end
C) the R groups
D) the alcohol end |
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Definition
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Term
Nitrogen, with an atomic number of 7, has ________ electrons in its first energy level (shell) and ________ electrons in its second energy level (shell).
A) 1,6
B) 2,5
C) 3,4
D) 4,3
E) 5,2 |
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Definition
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Term
If you gave radioactive nitrogen to a plant, in which molecule would radioactively show up?
A) starch
B) glycogen
C) proteins
D) DNA
E) two of the above are correct |
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Definition
| E) two of the above are correct |
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Term
Which of the following statements, if any, concerning enzymes is true?
A) enzymes are affected by hydrogen ion concentrations (pH)
B) enzymes decrease the rate that a chemical reaction occurs
C) enzymes are permanently altered by the reactions they catalyze
D) enzymes are used up or destroyed by the chemical reaction
E) all of the above statements are false |
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Definition
| A) enzymes are affected by hydrogen ion concentration (pH) |
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Term
The fundamental unit of life that possesses the characteristics of life is the
A) cell
B) molecule
C) atom
D) population
E) multicellular organism |
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Definition
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Term
Species undergo changes over time as a result of environmental pressures. This response to the environment (specifically, a change in gene frequencies in a population's gene pool) is called:
A) mutation
B) metabolism
C) homeostasis
D) evolution
E) plasticity |
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Definition
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Term
All members of the kingdom or domain ________ are multicellular autotrophs.
A) animalia
B) Plantae
C) Archaea
D) Protista
E) Fungi |
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Definition
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Term
Condensation could be correctly described as the:
A) heating a compound in order to drive off excess water
B) constant removal of hydrogen atoms from a saturated fat
C) linking two molecules together by the removal of a molecule of water
D) breaking a large molecule into subunits by adding water molecules between the subunits
E) formation of hydrogen bonds between molecules |
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Definition
| C) linking two molecules together by the removal of a molecule of water |
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Term
If you only know the scientific name (binomial name) of a species, you automatically know
A) its genus and family
B) its genus and class
C) its kingdom and species
D) its genus and species
E) only is species |
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Definition
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Term
An uncharged atom is electrically neutral because
A) the number of neutrons and protons are the same
B) the nucleus then contains uncharged particles
C) there are always equal numbers of protons and electrons
D) the outer electron shell is full of electrons
E) none of the above answers are correct |
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Definition
| C) there are always equal numbers of protons and electrons |
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Term
Polysaccharides normally function in animals as
A) components of lipids
B) a component of cell membranes
C) enzymes in the regulation of metabolism
D) as energy storage molecules
E) as molecules involved in information storage (heredity) |
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Definition
| D) as energy storage molecules |
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