Term
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Definition
The perceptual counterpart to fundamental frequency associated with the speed of vocal fold vibration
Old age: female pitch decreases, males increases |
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Term
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Definition
| the speed at which the vocal folds vibrate |
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Term
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Definition
The basic frequency level that an individual uses most of the time (average)
-males: 130 Hz
-females: 250 Hz |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of complete vibrations or cycles per second |
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Term
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Definition
Vocal Intensity
modified, situational
measured in decibels (dB)
average conversational: 60 dB
• Changes require vocal folds to stay together long. Subglottic pressure is main determinant of intensity—when it doubles, 10dB increase |
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Term
| Disorders of Vocal Quality |
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Definition
Hoarseness
Breathiness
Vocal Tremor
Vocal Strain |
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Term
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Definition
Voice lacks clarity
Voice is noisy
Can be temporary |
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Term
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Definition
Excessive airflow through the glottis (inadequate closure)
may be due to a neurological impairment |
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Term
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Definition
Not under voluntary control
Loss of CNS control over the laryngeal system |
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Term
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Definition
Difficulties initiating and maintaining voice
Voice fades in and out
Usually related to neurological impairments |
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Term
| Nonphonatory Vocal Disorders |
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Definition
Stridor
Excessive Throat Clearing
Consistent Aphonia
Episodic Aphonia |
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Term
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Definition
Noisy breathing due to narrowing somewhere in the airway
Serious problems because of blockage |
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Term
| Excessive Throat Clearing |
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Definition
An attempt to clear mucus from the vocal chords
Considered abnormal when it occurs with excessive frequency |
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Term
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Definition
Persistent absence of the voice (whispering)
May be related to:
-Vocal fold paralysis
-Disorders of the CNS
-Psychological problems |
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Term
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Definition
| Uncontrolled, unpredictable aphonic breaks in the voice that can last for a fraction of a second or longer |
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Term
| Disorders of Misuse and Abuse |
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Definition
Vocal Nodules
Contact Ulcers
Vocal Polyps |
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Term
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Definition
Abrupt voicing onsets
High laryngeal positions
Lack of pitch variability |
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Term
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Definition
Screaming or yelling
Alcohol and smoking
Excessive throat clearing or coughing
Excessive breathiness and whispering |
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Term
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Definition
Localized growths from vocal chord collision
bilateral
start out soft, get hard and fibrous
adult women
breathiness and hoarseness |
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Term
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Definition
Usually unilateral
PAINFUL
Reappear after surgery |
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Term
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Definition
Caused by misuse and abuse
Unilateral
Can happen after one episode of vocal abuse
Two types: sessile and pedunculated
Hoarseness, breathiness, roughness |
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Term
| Two types of Vocal Polyps |
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Definition
Sessile: closely attached to the vocal fold
Pedunculated: attached by a stalk--more common, easier to remove |
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Term
| Disorders from Medical and Physical Conditions |
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Definition
Parkinsons Disease
Vocal Fold Paralysis
Pseudobublar Palsy
Huntington's Chorea
Spastic Dysphonia
Larygeal palpillomas!
Congenital Webbing
Laryngeal Cancer |
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Term
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Definition
CNS disease resulting in hypo-adduction (vocal folds not coming together enough)
Monopitch, monoloudness, harshness, breathiness |
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Term
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Definition
Unilateral or bilateral
If unilateral: hoarse, breathy voice
-Diplophonic: 2 vocal frequencies (each fold vibrating at its own rate) |
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Term
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Definition
Neurological condition resulting in hyper-adduction caused by strokes, TBI, MS
Difficulty swallowing, accompanying speech disorders
Hoarseness, pitch breaks, strained vocal quality |
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Term
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Definition
Hyperkinetic disorder characterized by jerky movements of the head, neck and limbs
harsness, monopitch, vocal strain. sudden phonatory arrests. |
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Term
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Definition
Hyper-adduction
Strain voice with intermittent stops
Harshness, hoarseness, vocal tremor |
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Term
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Definition
Small, wart-like growths that cover vocal folds (non cancerous)
Obstruct airway, hindering breathing
Stridor
Removed surgically |
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Term
| Congential Laryngeal Webbing |
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Definition
At birth, typically formed at the anterior aspects of the vocal folds and can interfere with breathing
Removed surgically
High pitch, hoarse |
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Term
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Definition
Alcohol and smoking
Hoarseness in absence of illness
Necessary to remove the entire larynx
-Esophageal speech: the esophagus is used as a vibratory force
-prosthetic devices: electrolarynx, TEP |
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Term
| Disorders of Psychological Origins and Stress |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Stems from an emotion
Converting emotional conflict into a physical symptom
Whisper to produce voice
Capable of glottal closure (coughing), but don't use it for speech production |
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