PRIMARILY AGAINST GARIBALDI, FROM UPPER CLASS. FOCUSED ON UNIFYING ITALY AND TRIED TO UNIFY BY PUSHING AUSTRIA OUT TO SETTLE REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN ITALY.

PUSHED AUSTRIA OUT OF NORTHERN ITALY, SUCCESSFULLY AROUND 1840.

BISMARK FORMED MODERN DAY PRUSSIA (or Germany). HE WAS KNOWN AS A POLITICAL MASTERMIND BECAUSE HE WOULD TURN PEOPLE AGAINST EACH OTHER IN ORDER TO WIN AND BECAUSE HE STARTED A WAR WITH AUSTRIA BY SLITHERING THROUGH INSTEAD OF VIOLENT TAKE OVER, WHICH MAKES HIM A STRONG LEADER. BELIEVED IN "MIGHT MAKES RIGHT." WANTED A WAR WITH FRANCE TO GAIN GERMANY'S SOUTHERN STATES.

ATTACKED THE CATHOLIC CHURCH BECAUSE OF PIUS IX'S DECLARATION OF PAPAL INFALLIABILITY OR ALSO KNOWN AS KULTURKAMPF. CHANCELLOR OF GERMANY.

ADVOCATED BY BISMARK WHEN HE WANTED TO GAIN GERMANY'S NORTHERN STATES.

FRANCE LOST SO THEY HAD TO PAY $5 BILLION FRANCS. THIS LOSE CAUSED THE FRENCH TO BE NATIONALISTIC AND START THE WWI 45 YEARS LATER.

GERMANY WON & ONLY LOST ALSACES LORANCE (farm land) AND FORCED FRANCE TO PAY $5 BILLION "INDIGNITY."

THE CHANGES THAT ENABLE A COUNTRY TO COMPLETE EFFECTIVELY WITH LEADING COUNTRIES AT A GIVEN TIME. 

THE HEAD TO COMPETE WITH OTHER COUNTRIES CAUSES WARS, REVOLTS, AND TAKE OVERS. IT ALSO CONVINCED COUNTRIES THAT THEY NEED TO "GET WITH THE TIMES" IF THEY WANT A CHANCE AT KEEPING CONTROL OF THEIR COUNTRIES RULE. 

A MASSAACRE OF PEACEFUL PROTESTERS AT THE WINTER PALACE IN ST. PETERSBURG IN 1905 THAT TRIGGERED A REVOLUTION THAT OVERTURNED ABSOLUTE TSARIST RULE AND MADE RUSSIA INTO A CONSERVATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY.

ONE DAY THE GOVERNMENT'S MILITARY SHOT MANY WORKING CLASS PROTESTERS WHICH IN TURN CAUSED MONTHS OF REVOLT, LEADING UP TO THE OCTOBER MANIFESTO.

THE RESULT OF A GREAT GENERAL STRIKEIN OCTOBER 1905, IT GRANTED FULL CIVIL RIGHTS AND PROMISED A POPULAR ELECTED DUMA (parliament) WITH REAL LEGISLATIVE POWER.

CAUSED BY THE BLOODY SUNDAY. DURING THE OCTOBER MANIFESTO THE TSAR GAVE INTO THE PEOPLE GIVING THE DUMA THAT SUPPOSEDLY HAD GREAT LEGISLATIVE POWER ALTHOUGH HAD VERY LITTLE IMPACT, HE ALSO GAVE A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY. CONCLUDES THAT THE REVOLUTION OF 1905 WAS ULTIMATLY UNSUCCESSFUL.

THE RUSSIAN PARLIAMENT THAT OPENED IN 1906, ELECTED INDIRECTLY BY UNIVERSAL MALE SUFFERAGE BUT CONTROLLED AFTER 1907 BY THE TSAR AND THE CONSERVATIVE CLASSES. 

DEVELPED BY THE TSAR AFTER THE OCTOBER MANIFESTO BUT DIDN'T HAVE A BIG IMPACT ALTHOUGH IT HELD MAJOR LEGISLATIVE POWER.

A DIVISIVE CASE WHICH ALFRED DREYFUS, A JEWISH CAPTAIN IN THE FRENCH ARMY, WAS FASLEY ACCUSED AND CONVICTED OF TREASON IN 1894. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH SIDED WITH THE ANTI-SEMITES AGAINST DREYFUS; AFTER DREYFUS WAS DECLARED INNOCENT, THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT SEVERED ALL TIES BETWEEN THE STATE AND CHURCH.

ALFRED DREYFUS' CASE DECLARED COMPLETE SECLARISM IN THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT AFTER THE CASE WAS RE-OPENED AND ALL CHANGES WERE DROPPED.

IS A HATE OR DISREGARD FOR JEWISH PEOPLE. LIFE IMPROVES FOR THE JEWS, THEY HAVE RELAXED RESTRICTIONS ON MARRIAGE, WORK, && LOCATIONS THEY COULD LIVE IN.

THEN THE STOCK MARKET GOES DOWN IN 1873 AND MANY BLAME THE JEWS. SO, IN REACTION, THEY IMMIGRATED TO NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA. BEING A JEW NOW MEANS ITS IN YOUR BLOOD, NOT JUST A RELIGION. MANY WERE PROTECTIVE OF THERE CULTURE AND TRIED TO SELF EMANCIPATE THEMSELVES FROM RESTRICTION.

IMPERIALISM

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