Term
| Name the two molecules which are reduced by ATP during glycolysis |
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Definition
- glucose
- fructose-6-phosphate
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Term
| Name the two molecules which are oxidized by ADP during glycolysis |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the total net gain during glycolysis? |
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Definition
- 2 NADH+H+
- 2 ATP
- 2 pyruvic acid (potential energy)
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Term
| Name the coenzyme present during pyruvate oxidation |
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Definition
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Term
| where does Kreb's cycle take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| What molecule is added to acetyl CoA at the beginning of Kreb's cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the total net gain during Kreb's cycle? |
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Definition
- 8 NADH+H+
- 2 FADH2
- 2 ATP
- 6 CO2
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Term
| What are the two enzymes affected in ATP regulation? |
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Definition
- Phosphofructokinase
- pyruvate decarboxylase
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Term
| How is phosphofructokinase activated? |
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Definition
- High levels of ADP - activates phosphofructokinase to turn fructose 6 phosphate into fructose 1,6 diphosphate
- Low levels of Citrate - fewers Kreb's cycles occuring and therefore less phosphorelation happening - activates phosphofructokinase
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Term
| How is phosphofructokinase inhibited? |
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Definition
- High levels of ATP - too much cellular respiration occuring, converts fructose 6 phosphate back to glucose 6 phosphate (more stable)
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Term
| How is the enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase inhibited? |
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Definition
- Increased levels of NADH - removes carbon from pyruvate causing Kreb's cycle to stop.
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Term
| How are fatty acids ussed in aerobic respiration? |
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Definition
- trilyceride broken down into glycerol and 3 fatty acids
- 2 carbon acetate removed from the carboxyl end of fatty acid chain (beta oxidization)
- CoA attaches to acetate and enters Kreb's cycle
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Term
| How are proteins used in aerobic respiration? |
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Definition
- amine functional group and 1 H removed creating ammonia
- results in carbon skeleton which is broken down and inserted into Kreb's at appropriate places
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Term
| Does anaerobic respiration produce more ATP than aerobic respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two pathways for fermentation |
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Definition
- Lactate fermentation
- Alcohol fermentation
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Term
| When does anaerobic respiration occur? |
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Definition
- when the body experiences a lack of oxygen i.e. during high stress
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