Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All Living things have... |
|
Definition
| Order, Regulation, Development, Energy Utilization, Response to enviroment, Reproduction, and evolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Branch of Biology that names and classifies speices |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| History of life in a saga of a restless Earth billions of years old. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proven with extensive and varied evidence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anything with mass and occupies space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Substances that cannot be broken down into other substances |
|
|
Term
| How many Natural Elements? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Four main elements essential for life? |
|
Definition
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen.
(25 total essential for life) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two or more elements in a fixed ration |
|
|
Term
| (T/F) The number of protons defines the element. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not stable and will decay until it becomes stable. |
|
|
Term
| Electrons determine how an atom behaves when it encounters... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Closer/Farther away an electrom is from nucleus more energy it has. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Two atoms share one or more electrons
ex: water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Polarity of water molecules and the hydrogen bonding
ex: how water goes up a tree |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amount of energy assoicated with movement of the atoms molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| liquid consisting of homogeneous mixture of two plus substance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a versatile atom? |
|
Definition
| Carbon; it has four electrons in an outershell when it can hold eight. So it forms a covalent bond with a different carbon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organic molecules containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms. (Simpliest Organic Compound) |
|
|
Term
| The shape of a molecule related to its... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Groups of atoms that usually participate in chemical reactions.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three categories of Macromolecules |
|
Definition
Carbohydrates
Protiens
Nucleic Acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| string of many smaller molecules called monomers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Links to monomers together, removes a molecule of water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breaks bond between monomers and adds a molecule of water. (Reverse of Dehydration reaction) |
|
|
Term
| Four catergories of large molecules |
|
Definition
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Simple sugars that cannot be broken down by hydrolysis into small sugars |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molescules that have the same molecular formula but different structure. (Glucose and Frutose) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is a double sugar, constructed from two monosacchrarides, formed by dehyration reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Complex carbohydrate, made of long chains of sugar units and plymers of monosaccharides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| highly branched polymer of glucose monomer, used by animal cells to store energy by converting into glocuse when needed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
long unbranched chain of glucose units.
Many animals cannot degest this. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"water-loving" substance.
Most carbohydrates are this. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Are neither macromoecules or polymers and are hydrophobic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unable to mix with water. (Think Oil) |
|
|
Term
| What three essential functions does fat perform in the human body? |
|
Definition
Stores energy
Cushions
Insulates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Converts unsaturated fats to sturated fats. (makes liquid fats solid at room temp.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "base steroid" from which your body produces other steriods. |
|
|
Term
| Synthetic anabolic steroids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Run most of our reactions.
Constructed from amino acid monomers. |
|
|
Term
| All protiens are constructed from a common set of ___ kinds of amino acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each amino acid consists of... |
|
Definition
| a central carbon atom bonded to four covalent partners |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cells link amino acids together by dehydration reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Long chain of amino acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specific sequence of amino acids in a protien |
|
|
Term
| (T/F) Protiens are sensitive to the surrounding enviroment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three parts of nucleotides |
|
Definition
A five-carbon sugar
A phosphate group
A nitrogen base |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does RNA differ from DNA |
|
Definition
| RNA hase ribose and no thymine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Example for Single-celled organisms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase in the specimen's apparent size. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ability of an optical instrument to show two objects as separate. |
|
|
Term
| Robert Hooke came up with... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
All living things are composed of cells
All cells come from other cells
All cells are the basic unit of life |
|
|
Term
| Two Major catergories of cells |
|
Definition
| Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic cells are older/newer that eukaryotic cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| region between the nucleus and plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
| Does animal or plant cells have Protective cell walls? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Special categories lipids belong to. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The two-layered membrane the phospholipids form. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Helps hold cells together in tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Structures that connect to other cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Double membrane that borders the nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| responsible for the protien synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Robosome components are made in the _____ but assembled in the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
|
Definition
| Produces an enormous variety of molecules, composed of smooth and rough ER |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ribosomes that are studded tot he outside of the ER membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where a molecule is "packages after ER synthesizes a molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Works in partnership with the ER, receives, refines, stores, and distributed chemical products of the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sac of digestive enzymes found in animal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cytoplasmic sacs that contain engulf nutrients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pump out excess water in the cell |
|
|
Term
| Central Vacuoles of plants... |
|
Definition
store nutrients
absord water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organelles that perform photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thick fluid with in the chloroplast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produces ATP from the energy of food molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| Cells control their chemical enviroment using... |
|
Definition
Energy
Enzymes
The plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The capacity to perform work. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Energy cannot be created or destroyed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amount of energy that raises the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Takes energy from food, stores energy, and released when needed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Total of all chemical reactions in an organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protiens that speed up chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Activate the reactants and triggers a chemical reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specific reactant molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a substrate fits into a active site and the enzyme changes shape slighty. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prevent metabolic reactions by binding to the active site. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prevents the enzyme from binding to its substrate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prevents the cell from wasting resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cell signaling
Attatchment
Intracellular joining
Cell to cell recongnition
Enzymatic activity
Transport |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tendency for molecules of any substance to spread out into the avalible space. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diffusion of a substance across a membrane without the input of energy |
|
|
Term
| Diffusion is an example of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a region in which the substance density changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Substance that don't cross the membrane spontneously; specific transport protien act as selective corridors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located in membrane, they regulate the materials that pass in and out of the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solution has a higher concentration of solute |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Solution has a lower concentration of solute. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Solution has an equal concentration of solute |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the control of water balance within a cell or organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Requires energy to move molecules across a membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Secertion of large molecules within vesicles (inside->out) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Takes material into a cell within vesicles that bud inward from the plasma membrane. (out->in) |
|
|
Term
| Three types of endocytosis |
|
Definition
| Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, Receptor-mediated endocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cell engulfs a particle and packages it within a food vacuole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cell "gulps" droplets of fluid by formingtiny vesicles |
|
|
Term
| Receptor-mediated endocytosis |
|
Definition
| A cell takes in very specific molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Genrate less power
last longer
Generates ATP using oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Generate more power
fatigue much more quickly
Cen generate ATP without using oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Uses light energy fron the sun to power achemical process that makes organic molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(self-feeders) make their own organic matter for inorganic nutrients. ex: Plants
Producers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cannot make organic molecules from inorganic ones. ex: humans.
Consumers |
|
|
Term
| Ingredients for photosynthesis are... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chemical process that harvest energy stored in organic molecules, uses oxygen and generates ATP.
(occur primarily in te mitocondria) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. |
|
|
Term
| Cellular Respiration waste products are... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process that requires oxygen |
|
|
Term
| Equation of Cellular Respiration |
|
Definition
| Glucose + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water |
|
|
Term
| Cellular Respiration can produce up to how many ATP molecules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three main stages in Cellular Repiration |
|
Definition
| Glycolysis, The citric acid cycle, Election Transport |
|
|
Term
| Glycolysis (Stage One in Cellular Respiration) |
|
Definition
| Happens in cytoplasm, can produce 2 ATP |
|
|
Term
| The Citric Acid Cycle (2nd Stage in Cellular Respiration) |
|
Definition
| Happens in the mitochandria, produces 2 ATP |
|
|
Term
| Electron Transport (3rd Stage in Cellular Respiration) |
|
Definition
| Happends in the mitochandria, can produce 34 ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anaerobic process where energy in release from glucose without the use of oxygen |
|
|
Term
| Which of the three stages of Cellular Respiration doesn't require oxygen? |
|
Definition
| Glycolysis. Can produce 2 ATP molecules for each glucose broken down to pyruvic acid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| By-product of anaerobic exercise. Fatigue feeling in muscles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produces Beer, Wine, Breads |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is used by all plants cells to store energy |
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes are there in the human body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transforms light energy into chemical energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane sacs inside the chloroplast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Green color of chloroplast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Participated directly with light reactions, absorbing mostly blue-violet and red light. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Participates indirectly in the light reactions, absorbs mostly blue and orange light. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Participated indirectly with light reactions, absorbs mainly blue-green light. (Fall colors) |
|
|
Term
| Equation for Photosynthesis |
|
Definition
| Carbon Dioxide + Water --> Glucose + Oxygen |
|
|
Term
| Two Stages of Photosynthesis |
|
Definition
| Light Reactions; Calvin Cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| convert solar energy to chemical energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Makes sugar from carbon dioxide. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Discrete packets of energy |
|
|
