Term
|
Definition
| Dr. Freud is often referred to as the father of clinical psychology. His extensive theory of personality development (psychoanalytical theory) is the cornerstone for modern psychological thought, and consists of (1) the psychosexual stages of development, (2) the structural model of personality (id, ego, superego), and (3) levels of consciousness (conscious, subconscious, and unconscious). See Psychoanalysis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The study of emotion, cognition, and behavior, and their interaction.
http://allpsych.com/dictionary/ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| John Broadus Watson (1874-1949) was the founding father of the behaviourist approach. In his most famous work 'Psychology as the behaviourist views it' he said psychology should be a purely objective experimental science. Its theoretical goal should be the prediction and control of behaviour. Introspection was to form no part of its methods. Neither was psychology's data to be dependent upon a participant's interpretation of their conscious experiences. Watson further said that 'the behaviourist, in his efforts to get a unitary scheme of animal response, recognizes no dividing line between man and brute. The behaviour of man, with all of its refinement and complexity, forms only a part of the behaviourist's total scheme of investigation' [See J. B. Watson, "Psychology as a Behaviourist Views It," Psychological Review, 20, (1913): 158-177 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The neurobiological approach is simply biological. Neurobiologists believe that actions and reactions caused are from nerve cells. Neurobiologists study the physical features of the human body instead of the mind. They focus on perspiration such as tears, sweat, and physical movement in reaction to something else (i.e., the sudden standing up of hair when in fright). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories in particular cases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Believes that people's actions are results of earlier associations. This approach believes that the childhood is the most critical point in one's life, and that it ultimately decides one's fate. In other words, the stimuli that triggers subtle and abrupt urges is something that was set years before the action. B.F. Skinner is the most famous known behaviorist. He believed that environment was the most important factor and that it would determine the events of the future. In hope to conduct a research, Skinner raised his daughter in a human bubble, away from society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The humanistic approach has the theory that people are naturally good, and that to succeed, people need a little guidance to strive to excellence. The most well-known humanist is Carl Rogers, who was a minister before he became a psychologist, which may have had an influence on how he thought about humans being wonderful creatures, blessed with potential and life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The psychoanalytic approach was originated by Sigmund Freud (FROID). Psychoanalysis states that sexual fantasies lies beneath consciousness in all humans. Freud introduced the three states of consciousness: id (the unconscious, where all the sexual and violent fantasies lie), the ego (the conscience, the "self"), and the superego (a part of the unconscious that is synonymous with the conscience.). Psychoanalysts believe that the human had a biological need for release that was caused by a psychological disturbance. This need for release is called, "libido (LABEEDOH)." These states of consciousness, and libido work together and result in the outcome of emotions and feelings projected by the person. A lot of times, it is the compromising between these four things that a person becomes confused, frustrated, enraged, and forgetful. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The cognitive approach, which appears to be a more modern theory, believes that humans go through mental processes to resolute problems and to develop behavior. Emotion plays a disturbingly low role in this theory, which is the only thing that seems to detract the followers.
http://www.geocities.com/capitolhill/lobby/6027/gen.htm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A treatment condition used to control for the placebo effect where the treatment has no real effect on its own
http://allpsych.com/dictionary/p.html |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Research method in which both the subjects and the experimenter are unaware or 'blind' to the anticipated results. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A prediction about the relationship between two or more variables. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any factor which has the potential to influence another factor in a research study. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In research, the group of subjects who receive the independent variable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The group of subjects in an experiment that does not receive the independent variable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The variable in an experiment that is manipulated or compared. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The variable in an experiment that is measured; the outcome of an experiment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Researchthat take place outside the lab. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A research technique in which subjects respond to a series of questions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Portion of the entire population used to estimate what is likely happening within a population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A research method where the subject(s) is(are) observed without interruption under normal or natural circumstances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A subjective personality and mental health assessment typically consisting of questions and answers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intensive observation of a particular individual or small group of individuals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A research study that examines the effects of development (maturation) by examining different subjects at various ages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A research design that assesses the effects of development (maturation) by using the same subjects over an extended period of time |
|
|
