Term
| What is the drug class for gentamicin (Garamycin)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the action of Aminoglycoside? |
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Definition
| Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis: this is used for serious, hard to treat infections |
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Term
| What are the indications for Aminoglycosides? (Garamycin) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the adverse effects/side of Garamycin, an Aminoglycoside? |
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Definition
nephrotoxicity;
ototoxicity: tinnitus, vertigo, hearing loss (CN VIII) |
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Term
| What are the nursing interventions for Garmycin, an Aminoglycoside? |
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Definition
Weight client and obtain baseline renal function studies prior to therapy;
monitor urine output for amount, specific gravity, urinalysis, BUN, Creatinine, creatinine clearance;
Encourage fluids;
Teach client to call MD if rash, fever, perineal itching is noted;
Evaluate client's hearing before and during therapy.
Monitor for super infection: white patches in mouth, GI upset, massive diarrhea which may lead to C-DIFF |
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Term
| Aminoglycoside has narrow therapeutic window, so what will need to be monitored? |
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Definition
| peaks (highest blood plasma concentration) and troughs (lowest) |
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Term
| Watch for allergic reaction with first dose of penicillin IV. What else might they be allergic to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Teaching/nursing interventions for Tetracyclines? |
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Definition
not given to pregnant people;
permanent staining of teeth <8;
not given with iron, dairy, need sunblock;
becomes toxic with expiration |
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Term
| What will happen to effectiveness of birth control pills with oral antibiotic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the class of choice for someone allergic to penicillin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What antibiotic is used to treat respiratory and urinary? |
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Definition
Fluoroquinolones and
Sulfonamides
Both can cause crystal urea so force fluids (2 L/day) unless contraindicated. |
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Term
| What are nursing interventions for most antibiotics? |
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Definition
| monitor WBC; temperature; source of infection; take entire prescription; |
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Term
| What is a urinary analgesic used for? |
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Definition
| a dye used to coat the urethra and decrease the pain associated with UTIs |
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Term
| What is a prototype drug for urinary analgesics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you need to teach with urinary analgesics? |
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Definition
| Will turn urine a brownish-orange and stain underwear. Does NOT treat any bacteria that may be present; need to get UA done; can be toxic to liver (only on this for 3-4 days); force fluids |
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Term
| What are the urinary antiseptics used for? |
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Definition
| chronic UTIs; low dose antibiotics |
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Term
| What are teachings with urinary antiseptics? |
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Definition
| good hygiene; wiping front to back; frequent urination; |
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Term
| What drug class treat HIV/AIDs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 subclasses of antiretrovirals? |
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Definition
Reverse Transcriptas Inhibitors
Protease Inhibitors
Fuseon Inhibitors |
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Term
| What is mechanism of action for reverse transcriptase inhibitors? (Antiretrovirals) |
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Definition
| will stop new growth but can’t change existing cells so used in early viral replication |
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Term
| What is mechanism of action for protease inhibitors? |
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Definition
| block protease; useful in late viral replication |
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Term
| What is mechanism of action for fuseon inhibitors? |
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Definition
| newest one on market. Bind to viral particles and prevent them from adhering to CD4 cells |
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Term
| What are the 2 subgroups of reverse transcriptase inhibitors? |
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Definition
nucleoside analogues
non-nucleoside analogues |
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Term
| What is the difference with nucleoside and non-nucloside analogues? |
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Definition
Nucleoside analogues-fools the virus that is the actual nucleoside of the good cell so the virus attaches to the drug instead of the good cell
Non-nucleoside analogues- inside the good cell and interferes with the replication of the virus once inside the healthy cell |
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Term
| What are the goals of the HAART therapy? |
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Definition
Decrease VL to undetectable levels;
reserve and increase number of CD4+ T cells;
Prevent resistance;
Have client in good clinical condition;
Prevent secondary infections and cancers |
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Term
| What are teachings to promote client adherence with HIV regime? |
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Definition
Client understanding of each med’s purpose;
Food and fluid restrictions;
Recommended food choices ;
Storage of medications;
Appropriate recording sheet;
Contact person for questions |
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Term
| What is the Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnancy and for the newborn? |
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Definition
mom will be started on AZT during weeks 14-34 weeks of gestion and stay on til labor, then switch to IV route with 1 hr. loading dose and continuing til delivered.
Newborns-started on po AZT or similar for at least first 6 weeks of life beginning at 8-12 hrs after birth. May stay stable if mom gets good care during pregnancy. |
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Term
| What is the Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP) for Health Care Workers? |
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Definition
| nurses and lab techs most at risk. Will be counseled and have a baseline test from worker & client if status is unknown. Retested at 3, 6, & 12 mo. marks. |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of COX enzymes? |
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Definition
COX 1 protects the stomach and regulates platelets.
COX2 triggers inflammation and pain |
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Term
| What effects do the NSAIDs have? |
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Definition
antiplatelet
antiinflammatory
antipyretic |
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Term
| What are nursing interventions with COX-1? |
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Definition
| Will cause stomach irritation so give with food/milk. Watch for excessive bruising, bleeding, petechiae, bleeding gums, etc. Don’t give with anticoagulants. Discontinue 1 week prior to scheduled surgeries |
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Term
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Definition
| DMARDs-disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs-used when pt. not responding to other NSAIDs. |
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Term
| What are immunomodulators used for? (DMARDs) |
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Definition
| newest one. Given IV (Remicade). Suppresses inflammation. Also used for other chronic inflammatory processes such as Crohn’s disease to decrease inflammation. |
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Term
| What are immunosuppressants used for and nursing intervention? (DMARDs) |
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Definition
chemotherapy agents (methotrexate and cytoxin are common ones);
force fluids with cytoxin as can cause hemorrhagic cystitis; watch for other infections; give with food/milk |
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Term
| What are antimalarials? (DMARDs) |
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Definition
| mechanism of action unknown but will suppress inflammation. may take several weeks to see effects. |
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Term
| What are nursing interventions with Gold Therapy? (DMARDs) |
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Definition
| Gold therapy/chrysotherapy-slow response; may take weeks/months before full effect seen. Don’t use with renal impairment or other blood disorders. Can cause nephrotoxicity or blood dyscrasias |
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Term
| What drug class is rifampin (Rifadin) in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the action of rifampin (Rifadin)? |
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Definition
| not good as single drug therapy for TB; used in combination with INH; multi-drug therapy used to prevent resistance |
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Term
| What are the adverse effects of rifampin (Rifadin)? |
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Definition
| hepatotoxicity; need to monitor liver function with ALT/AST |
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Term
| What are nursing interventions of rifampin (Rifadin)? |
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Definition
| Inform client that urine, saliva, feces, sweat, tears may turn a harmless reddish-orange color; soft contacts may be permanently stained. |
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Term
| What drug class is isoniazid (INH) in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the action of isoniazid (INH)? |
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Definition
| can be single drug therapy; inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, treatment/prophylaxis against TB |
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Term
| What are the side/adverse effects of isoniazid (INH)? |
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Definition
hepatotoxicity;
peripheral neuropathy;
B6 deficiency
rash; blurred vision;
photosensitivity |
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Term
| What are nursing interventions of isoniazid (INH)? |
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Definition
monitor liver function studies (AST/ALT);
patient compliance to regimen;
administer B6 (Pyridoxine) to prevent peripheral neuropathy;
use sunblock while in sun |
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Term
| What is the primary use of glucocorticoids? |
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Definition
| anti-inflammatory properties but will elevate BS levels (watch BS levels to increase) |
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Term
| What are physical signs of long term steroid use? |
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Definition
| moon face (abnormal fat deposit in face) and buffalo hump (abnormal fat deposit between shoulders); will have thin skin that bruises easily; muscle wasting; at risk for infections; decreases production of cortisol from adrenal glands; |
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Term
| What are nursing interventions for glucocorticoids? |
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Definition
| steroids have to be tapered; give with food/milk; client at risk for infections; cautious use with diabetics |
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Term
| What is a prototype drug for glucocorticoids? |
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Definition
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