Term
| 3 major components of honey |
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Definition
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Term
| Nectar is a saturated/unsaturated sugar solution |
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Definition
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Term
| The main carbohydrate in nectar is _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Bees use ____ and ____ as a source of dietary carbohydrates |
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Definition
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Term
| Factors affecting honey production |
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Definition
-abundance of nectar producing plants
-suitable weather for production
-colony population size |
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Term
| Nectar is transported in the ______ of the bee |
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Definition
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Term
| How many flowers do bees visit to produce one pound of honey? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme converts nectar to honey? How does it work? |
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Definition
invertase (sucrase)
Breaks sucrose into glucose + fructose |
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Term
| How do bees evaporate water from the hive actively? |
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Definition
regurgitate nectar droplets & expose to warm air currents
circulate warm air with wings |
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Term
| The last phase of nectar ripening is.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Ripe honey contains less than ____ water |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the nectar flow period? |
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Definition
| time when flowers are producing enough nectar for bees to collect, transform and store as honey |
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Term
| Important things to do prior to nectar flow |
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Definition
Swarm control
-check for queen cells & destroy them
Supering
-add supers to hive |
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Term
| What is top vs bottom supering? |
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Definition
top supering is done when all frames have drawn comb in them, and another box is just added on top
bottom supering is when frames have foundation, and the boxes are placed on top of the brood chamber |
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Term
| What does white comb on the top bars of a super indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Honey should be harvested when _____ of combs' surface is capped |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a refractometer? |
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Definition
| measures the % of water in honey prior to harvesting |
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Term
| Methods of removing bees from frames when collecting supers |
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Definition
-bee brush
-bee escape
-forced air
-chemical repellants
-smoke |
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Term
| What is butyric annhydride used for? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bee repellents work best in (warm/cool) weather |
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Definition
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Term
| Supers should be kept in a room that is _____ to facilitate extraction |
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Definition
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Term
| Steps of honey extraction |
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Definition
1. uncapping
2. extracting
3. filtering/settling |
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Term
| Difference between tangential & radial extractors? |
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Definition
tangential: frames are in 'right side up'
radial: frames are in vertically (like what we have) |
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Term
| What is a capping spinner? |
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Definition
| spins honey from wax cappings, which can be melted and used for beeswax products |
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Term
| Wax capping collection is about ___% of the honey collected |
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Definition
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Term
| High heat will cause honey to become (darker/lighter) |
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Definition
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Term
| How can you make honey appear lighter in colour? |
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Definition
| package in a jar with flat sides |
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Term
| What acid is found in honey? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What factors affect honey aroma and flavour? (4) |
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Definition
plant source
sugars
gluconic acid
proline |
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Term
| Honey is classified into __ colours |
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Definition
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Term
| Relative density of honey |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ability to absorb moisture from the air |
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Term
| What gives honey its hygroscopic properties? |
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Definition
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Term
| Honey that is higher in ____ will crystallize more quickly |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is there hydrogen peroxide in honey? |
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Definition
| glucose oxidase acts on glucose producing H2O2 |
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Term
| What gives honey its antibacterial properties? |
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Definition
Acidity
Hydrogen peroxide
Low moisture, hydroscopig environment |
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Term
| ____ honey comes from New Zealand and is known for its very high antibacterial properties |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ honey takes a very long time to crystallize |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 main mid/late summer management activities |
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Definition
-requeening
-treat for diseases & mites |
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Term
| When is the best time to treat for mites? |
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Definition
| must be done before winter generation is produced (august or 1st week of september) |
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Term
| Main goal of fall management? |
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Definition
| ensure colonies have enough populations & food stores to make it through the winter, and are healthy |
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Term
| Activities of fall management (5) |
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Definition
1. Inspect for queen presence
2. Det varroa mite levels (see if treatment worked)
3. Inspect for brood disease
4. Assess population size
5. Assess food stores |
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Term
| Varroa mite levels should be ______ in northern climates |
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Definition
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Term
| How many frames covered with bees should you see in the fall, for the colonies to make it through the winter? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the newspaper combining method? |
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Definition
| place newspaper sheet between brood chambers being united |
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Term
| Colonies need between ___ and ___ kg of honey/sugar to support them over the winter |
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Definition
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Term
| Should queen excluders be left on or off over the winter? |
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Definition
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