Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Unit 8
Genetic Vocab
15
Biology
11th Grade
01/10/2011

Additional Biology Flashcards


 

 


 

Cards

Term
Codon
Definition
a triplet of adjacent nucleotides in the messenger RNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid in the synthesis of a protein molecule.
Term
nucleotide
Definition
any of a group of molecules that, when linked together, form the building blocks of DNA or RNA: composed of a phosphate group, the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, and a pentose sugar, in RNA the thymine base being replaced by uracil.
Term
complementary base-pair
Definition
The standard arrangement of bases in nucleotides in relation to their opposite pairing, such as thymine being paired with adenine and cytosine paired with guanine.
Term
ribonucleic acid
Definition
A nucleic acid that is generally single stranded (double stranded in some viruses and siRNA), composed of repeating nucleotide units of ribose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
Term
transcription
Definition
It is the process of transcribing or making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA (messenger RNA or mRNA) with the aid of RNA polymerases.
Term
translation
Definition
A step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The process follows transcription in which the DNA sequence is copied (or transcribed) into an mRNA.
Term
Protien Synthesis
Definition
The creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA and various enzymes.
Term
messenger RNA
Definition
A type of RNA that carries the code or chemical blueprint for a specific protein. In the early stages of protein synthesis, the mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template during transcription.
Term
Ribosomal RNA
Definition
A nucleic acid found in all living cells. Plays a role in transferring information from dNA to the protein-forming system of the cell.
Term
Transfer RNA
Definition
Short-chain rna molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA).
Term
RNA polymerase
Definition
an enzyme that is responsible for making rna from a dna template. In all cells RNAP is needed for constructing rna chains from a dna template, a process termed transcription. In scientific terms, RNAP is a nucleotidyl transferase that polymerizes ribonucleotides at the 3' end of an rna transcript. Rna polymerase enzymes are essential and are found in all organisms, cells, and many viruses.
Term
Promoter
Definition
A site in a DNA molecule at which RNA polymerase and transcription factors bind to initiate transcription of mRNA.
Term
Genetic Code
Definition
relationship between the sequence of bases in nucleic acid and the order of amino acids in the polypeptide synthesised from it. A sequence of three nucleic acid bases (a triplet) acts as a codeword (codon) for one amino acid.
Term
anticodon
Definition
A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides located on one end of transfer RNA. It bounds to the complementary coding triplet of nucleotides in messenger RNA during translation phase of protein synthesis.
Term
genome
Definition

(1) The complete set of genes in an organism.

(2) The total genetic content in one set of chromosomes.

Supporting users have an ad free experience!