Term
| What is cognitive impairment? |
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Definition
| Cognitive impairment is when a person has trouble remembering, learning new things, concentrating, or making decisions that affect their everyday life. |
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Term
| What is mental retardation? |
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Definition
| Mental retardation (MR) is a condition diagnosed before age 18, usually in infancy or prior to birth, that includes below-average general intellectual function, and a lack of the skills necessary for daily living. |
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Term
| What is developmental disability? |
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Definition
| " is an umbrella term that includes intellectual disability but also includes other disabilities that are apparent during childhood. |
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Term
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Definition
Characterized by difficulties that interfere with effective task-oriented behavior in children.
Often score 7-15 I.Q points below average |
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Term
| Who is diagnosed with ADHD more? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the diagnostic criterion of ADHD? |
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Definition
six (or more) of the following symptoms of inattention have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with developmental level:
often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities
often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (not due to oppositional behavior or failure to understand instructions)
often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort (such as schoolwork or homework)
often loses things necessary for tasks or activities (e.g., toys, school assignments, pencils, books, or tools)
is often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
is often forgetful in daily activities |
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Term
| What is the characteristics of hyperactivity? |
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Definition
often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat
often leaves seat in classroom or in other situations in which remaining seated is expected
often runs about or climbs excessively in situations in which it is inappropriate (in adolescents or adults, may be limited to subjective feelings of restlessness)
often has difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly
is often "on the go" or often acts as if "driven by a motor"
often talks excessively
Impulsivity
often blurts out answers before questions have been completed
often has difficulty awaiting turn
often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into conversations or games) |
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Term
| What are the causal factors of ADHD? |
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Definition
Both biological and environmental
Food additive theory unsupported
Home environment may be a link in that some studies show that parents of ADHD children are more likely to have personality disorders |
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Term
| What is used to treat ADHD? |
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Definition
| Behavioral therapy and medications |
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Term
| What diagnostic studies are r/t ADHD? |
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Definition
Perinatal history
Standardized tests/questionnaires
Direct observation in multiple settings |
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Term
| What are the s/s of ADHD? |
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Definition
Onset prior to age 7
Lasting at least 6 months
Affecting at least 2 spheres of life
Symptoms can not be attributable to underlying psychiatric disease
Additionally, must have at least 6 symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity |
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Term
| What are the 3 domains that are tested across for cognitive impairment? |
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Definition
1.) Coceptual
2.) Social
3.) Practical |
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Term
| What is the conceptual domain? |
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Definition
| language, reading, writing, math, reasoning, knowledge, and memory. |
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Term
| What is the social domain? |
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Definition
| refers to empathy, social judgment, interpersonal communication skills, the ability to make and retain friendships, and similar capacities. |
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Term
| What is the practical domain? |
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Definition
| self-management in areas such as personal care, job responsibilities, money management, recreation, and organizing school and work tasks. |
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Term
| What is an intellectual functioning test? |
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Definition
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Term
| What indicates a limitation in intellectual fxn? |
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Definition
| A test score below or around 70—or as high as 75—indicates a limitation in intellectual functioning. |
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Term
| What are conceptual skills? |
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Definition
| language and literacy; money, time, and number concepts; and self-direction |
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Term
| What are the social skills? |
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Definition
| interpersonal skills, social responsibility, self-esteem, gullibility, naïveté (i.e., wariness), social problem solving, and the ability to follow rules, obey laws, and avoid being victimized |
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Term
| What are the practical skills? |
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Definition
| activities of daily living (personal care), occupational skills, healthcare, travel/transportation, schedules/routines, safety, use of money, use of the telephone |
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Term
| What is autism spectrum disorder? |
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Definition
| Autism is not a single disorder, but a spectrum of closely-related disorders with a shared core of symptoms. Every individual on the autism spectrum has problems to some degree with social skills, empathy, communication, and flexible behavior. |
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Term
| What is a pervasive developmental disorder? |
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Definition
Autism
Asperger's Syndrome
Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) |
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Term
| What are adaptive skills training? |
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Definition
| Examples: anger management, tolerating unexpected changes of daily routine, coping skills for unpredictable situations / environment |
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Term
| What are examples of daily life skills? |
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Definition
| : personal hygiene, common household duties, budgeting income |
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Term
| What are examples of social skills training? |
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Definition
| : recognition of non-verbal social cues, social interaction, common social scenarios |
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Term
| What are examples of individual behavioral plans? |
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Definition
| includes Level of Functioning Assessment(s) evaluating current self-help/daily living skills, self-stimulatory behavior and communication skills to assist individuals in acquiring desirable life skills and reducing maladaptive behavior. |
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Term
| What are some examples of individual education plans? |
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Definition
| development and/or consumer advocacy |
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Term
| What are some examples of individual service plans? |
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Definition
| development and/or consumer advocacy |
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Term
| What do parent/sibiling/family need with autism? |
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Definition
| Counseling, education, and training. |
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Term
| What training is needed to professional/para-profess/caregivers? |
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Definition
| - Education and Training Conferences (if less than 15 participants, please call us) |
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Term
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Definition
| , a condition in which a child refuses to eat adequate calories out of an intense and irrational fear of becoming fat |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which a child grossly overeats (binging) and then purges the food by vomiting or using laxatives to prevent weight gain |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which a child may gorge rapidly on food, but without purging |
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Term
| What are causes of eating disoders? |
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Definition
suspect a combination of biological, behavioral, and social factors
Also, many children and teens with eating disorders struggle with one or more of the following problems:
distress
fear of becoming overweight
feelings of helplessness
low self-esteem |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of anorexia? |
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Definition
anxiety, depression, perfectionism, or being highly self-critical
dieting even when one is thin or emaciated
excessive or compulsive exercising
intense fear of becoming fat, even though one is underweight
menstruation that becomes infrequent or stops
rapid weight loss, which the person may try to conceal with loose clothing
strange eating habits, such as avoiding meals, eating in secret, monitoring every bite of food, or eating only certain foods in small amounts
unusual interest in food |
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Term
| What are the health problems associated w/ anorexia? |
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Definition
damage to major organs, especially the brain, heart and kidneys
irregular heartbeat
lowered blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, and breathing rates
sensitivity to cold
thinning of bones
causes of death include cardiac arrest, electrolyte imbalance, and suicide. |
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Term
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Definition
-first aim of treatment is to bring the young person back to normal weight and eating habits
-Long-term treatment addresses psychological issues. Treatments include:
-antidepressant medication
-behavioral therapy
-psychotherapy
-support groups |
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Term
| What are the s/s of bulimia? |
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Definition
abusing drugs and alcohol
abusing laxatives and other treatments to prevent weight gain
anxiety
bingeing on large amounts of food
eating in secret or having unusual eating habits
excessive exercise
mood swings
overemphasis on physical appearance
regularly spending time in the bathroom after eating
sadness
scarring on knuckles from using fingers to induce vomiting
unusual interest in food
vomiting after eating |
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Term
| What are the complications from bulimia? |
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Definition
Complications can be serious. Stomach acids from chronic vomiting can cause:
damage to tooth enamel
inflammation of the esophagus
swelling of the salivary glands in the cheeks
In addition, bulimia can also lower blood levels of potassium. This can lead to dangerous, abnormal heart rhythms. |
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Term
| What is the treatment of bulimia? |
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Definition
antidepressants medication
behavior modification
individual, family, or group therapy
nutritional counseling |
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Term
| ) Which should be the mjaor consid. When selecting toys for cognitively impaired children? |
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Definition
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Term
| A child with autism is admitted w/ pnuemonia. What’s the priority intervention? |
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Definition
| MAINTAIN STRUCTURED ROUTINE AND STIMULATION MINIMUM |
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Term
| 6 y/o w/ ADHD is aggressive towards others. The best action for the nurse is to? |
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Definition
| TAKE HIM TO ANOTHER ROOM TO PLAY OUT HIS FEELINGS |
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Term
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Definition
| . It includes chronic, out-of-control eating of large amounts in a short time, even to the point of discomfort. However, binge eaters do not purge the food through vomiting or other means. As a result, they tend to become overweight or obese. |
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Term
| What causes binge eating? |
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Definition
| struggling to handle their emotions. Anger, worry, stress, sadness, or boredom may trigger a binge. Often, binge eaters are upset about overeating and may become depressed. |
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Term
| What are the complications of binge eating? |
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Definition
The excess weight caused by binge eating puts your son or daughter at risk of these health problems:
heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes |
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