scientific study of heredity

process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate

specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another

offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

one of a number of different forms of a gene

separation of alleles during gamete formation

specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction

likelihood that a particular event will occur

diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross

term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait

term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait

physical characteristics of an organism

genetic makeup of an organism

independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes

situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another

situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism

three or more alleles of the same gene

trait controlled by two or more genes

term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent

term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes

term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes

process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell 

structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis

process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome

method of breeding that allows only those individual organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation 

breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms

continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics to maintain the desired characteristics of a line of organisms

member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell

photograph of chromosomes grouped in order in pairs

chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

chart that shows the relationships within a family

gene located on the X or Y chromosome

error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate