Term
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Definition
| An unpleasant emotional and sensory experience that can have destructive events and warn of potential injury. |
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Term
| What are the 4 ways pain can be classified? |
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Definition
1.) Origin
2.) Cause
3.) Duration
4.) Quality |
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Term
| What are the origin classifications of pain? |
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Definition
- Superficial - not deep
- Visceral - organs
- Somatic - deep tissues/skin
- Radiating - Pain related to injury site/ radiates away
- Referred - Pain at site other than injury
- Phantom - Pain in part of body that isn't there (amputee)
- Psychogenic - physical pain that is caused, increased, or prolonged by mental, emotional, or behavioral factors. |
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Term
| What are the cause classifications of pain? |
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Definition
1.) Nociceptive - caused by damage to body tissue and usually described as a sharp, aching, or throbbing pain.
2.) Neuropathic - occurs when there is actual nerve damage. |
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Term
| What are the duration classifications of pain? |
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Definition
1.) Acute
2.) Chronic
3.) Intractable |
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Term
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Definition
| Activation of nociceptors by painful stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensory neuron that responds to negative stimuli and sends message back to the spinal cord/brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conducting of pain to the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| Recognizing/defining pain in CORTEX |
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Term
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Definition
| Changing the pain perceived. |
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Term
| What are factors that influence pain? |
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Definition
- Past experience
- Emotions
- Developmental stage
- Sociocultural factors
- Communication skills
- Other illnesses contributing to pain
- Cognitive impairement |
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Term
| What are some normal nonverbal signs of pain? |
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Definition
Elevated pulse/bp
Crying/moaning
Grimacing |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of pain scales? |
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Definition
1.) Visual Analog Scale
2.) Numeric Rating Scales
3.) Simple Descriptor Scale
4.) Wong-baker faces pain rating scale |
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Term
| What are non-pharmalogical ways to treat pain? |
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Definition
Cutaneous stimulation! Changes gate control of cells.
Acupuncture
Acupressure
Massage
Use of heat/cold
Contralateral stimulation
Immobilazation test |
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Term
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Definition
| A machine that provides a mild electric current through electrodes on the skin near the site of pain |
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Term
| What are some physical interventions nurses can make in response to pain? |
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Definition
- Comfort measures such as clean/smooth sheets, pillows, warm blankets.
- Position change and movement
- Massage
- Hot and Cold
- Adaptive devices that help patients carry out activities of daily life
- TENS/PENS |
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Term
| What are the 2 pharmacological managements of pain? |
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Definition
1.) Nonopioid analgesics like NSAIDS, acetaminophen.
2.) Opiod analgesic like IV, IM, transdermal, epidural, PCA pump |
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Term
| What are special considerations to make in regards to pain in certain people? |
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Definition
| Managing pain in elderly people, in client's with addiction, use of placebos |
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Term
| What is the WILDA approach? |
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Definition
W - Words to describe
I - Intensity (0-10)
L - Location
D - Duration
A - Aggravating Factors |
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Term
| What else should be assessed while assessing for pain? |
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Definition
- Vitals
- Past medication history
- Knowledge of pain management
- Pharmacological pain relief techniques |
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Term
| What two questions should be considered when pain is being assessed? |
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Definition
1.) How does pain affect physical and social function?
2.) Is patient experiencing any medication side effects? |
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Term
| What should be considered when describing acute pain? |
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Definition
Location/Description
- Is it the primary or secondary complaint?
- What is the location?
- Describe the onset and circumstances associated
- How intense is the pain at rest/moving?
- Factors that exacerbate or relieve?
- Describe the quality of pain using descriptions.
- How long does it last? Continuous or intermittent? |
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Term
| What patient factors relate to effective treatment? |
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Definition
Patient's beliefs about pain, expectations, and preference of treatment.
Coping mechanisms
Patient's knowledge of pain management techniques and expectation of outcomes.
Ability to use appropriate pain measure tools
Family expectations |
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Term
| What are the points of pain assessment? |
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Definition
- Intensity
- Quality
- Location
- Onset
- Duration
- Frequency
- Intermittent or Continuous?
- Pattern
- Diurinal Variation
- Precipitating factors
- Alleviating factors |
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