Term
118.layers of the atmosphere
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Definition
As the mesosphere extends upward above the stratosphere, temperatures decrease. The coldest parts of ouratmosphere are located in this layer and can reach –90°C.
In the forth layer from Earth's surface, the thermosphere, the air is thin, meaning that there are far fewer air molecules.
Ex1-layers
Ex2-atmosphere layer in a specific order
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Term
119.changing states of water
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Definition
The states in which matter can exist: as a solid, liquid, or gas.
When temperature changes, matter can undergo a phase change, shifting from one form to another.
Ex1-stages
Ex2-ice=solid
Water=liquid |
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Term
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Definition
Latent heat is energy released or absorbed, by a body or a thermodynamic system, during a constant-temperature process that is specified in some way.
An example is latent heat of fusion for a phase change, melting, at a specified temperature and pressure.
Ex1-changing tempeture
Ex-phase change |
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Term
121.saturation point
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Definition
the stage at which no more of a substance can be absorbed into a vapor or dissolved into a solution.
the stage beyond which no more of something can be absorbed or accepted.
Ex1- a full spong
Ex2-no space |
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Term
122.Relative humidity
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Definition
the amount of water vapor present in air expressed as a percentage of the amount needed for saturation at the same temperature.
the ratio ofthe actual water vapor pressure to the saturation vapor pressure.
Ex1-total amount
Ex2-actual water pressure |
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Term
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Definition
any instrument for measuring the water-vapor content of the atmosphere.
The dew-point is determined by means of an instrument called a hygrometer.
Ex1-pressure measure
Ex2-timer |
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Term
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Definition
The dew point is the temperature at which dew forms and is a measure of atmospheric moisture.
It is the temperature to which air must be cooled at constant pressure and water content to reach saturation.
Ex1-certin time certain temepture
Ex2-forming dew |
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Term
125.Adiabatic Rates
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Definition
The dry adiabatic lapse rate (DALR) is the rate of temperature decrease with altitude for a
Unsaturated air has less than 100% relative humidity; i.e. its actual temperature is higher than its dew point.
Ex1-decreased tempeture
Ex2-higher dew point |
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Term
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Definition
a visible mass of condensed water vapor floating in the atmosphere, typically high above the ground.
Clouds are made up of tiny water droplets or ice crystals, usually a mixture of both. The water and ice scatter all light, making clouds appear white.
Ex1-water particals in gas form
Ex2-stored water dropplets |
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Term
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Definition
In meteorology, an air mass is a volume of air defined by its temperature and water vapor content.
Air masses cover many hundreds or thousands of square miles, and adapt to the characteristics of the surface below them. They are classified according to latitude and their continental or maritime source regions.
Ex1-volume of air
Ex2-very big air |
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Term
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Definition
Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted by the weight of air in the atmosphere of Earth (or that of another planet).
In most circumstances atmospheric pressure is closely approximated by the hydrostatic pressure caused by the weight of air above the measurement point.
Ex1-weight of air
Ex2-heavy air
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Term
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Definition
an instrument measuring atmospheric pressure, used especially in forecasting the weather and determining altitude.
A barometer is a scientific instrument used in meteorology to measure atmospheric pressure.
Ex1h- scientific instruments
Ex2-mesure atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
the perceptible natural movement of the air, especially in the form of a current of air blowing from a particular direction.
relating to or denoting energy obtained from harnessing the wind with windmills or wind turbines.
Ex1-breeze
Ex2-current of air
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Term
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Definition
an imaginary line or a line on a map or chart connecting or marking places of equal barometric pressure.
one of two or more atoms or elements having the same atomic weights or mass numbers but different atomic numbers.
Ex1-equal barometric pressure
Ex2-same weights |
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Term
132.Factors affecting winds
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Definition
Wind ultimately comes from temperature differences because, as we learned in another lesson, temperature differences lead to air pressure differences, and air pressure creates convection currents.
As warm air rises, it expands and cools. It then sinks back down to fill the space the warm air left behind.
Ex1-cold air expands
Ex2-warm air rises |
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Term
133.condensation nuclei
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Definition
Cloud condensation nuclei or CCNs ,are small particles typically 0.2 µm, or 1/100th the size of a cloud droplet on which water vapour condenses
Water requires a non-gaseous surface to make the transition from a vapour to a liquid; this process is called condensation.
Ex1-small particals
Ex2-vapor to liquid |
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Term
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Definition
storm or system of winds that rotates about a center of low atmospheric pressure and that moves forward at a speed of 20 to 30 miles (30 to 50 kilometers) an hour and often brings heavy rain.
a system of winds rotating inward to an area of low atmospheric pressure, with a counterclockwise (northern hemisphere) or clockwise (southern hemisphere) circulation; a depression.
Ex1-typical storm
Ex2-heavy rain |
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Term
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Definition
a weather system with high atmospheric pressure at its center, around which air slowly circulates in a clockwise (northern hemisphere) or counterclockwise (southern hemisphere) direction. Anticyclones are associated with calm, fine weather.
a circulation of winds around a central region of high atmospheric pressure,clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, counterclockwise in the SouthernHemisphere.
Ex1-circulation
Ex2-wind in central region |
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Term
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Definition
A cold front is defined as the leading edge of a cooler mass of air, replacing at ground level a warmer mass of air, which lies within a fairly sharp surface trough of low pressure.
A cold front is defined as the transition zone where a cold air mass is replacing a warmer air mass.
Ex1-over coming warm air
Ex2-rush of cold westher
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Term
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Definition
A warm front is defined as the transition zone where a warm air mass is replacing a cold air mass
Warm fronts generally move from southwest to northeast and the air behind a warm front iswarmer and more moist than the air ahead of it.
Ex1-over coming cold air
Ex2- rush of warm weather |
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Term
138.stationary front
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Definition
A stationary front is a pair of air masses, neither of which is strong enough to replace the other
On a weather map, this is shown by an inter-playing series of blue spikes pointing one direction and red domes pointing the other.
Ex1-come together
Ex2- fight over take anotherr |
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Term
139.Occluded front
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Definition
An occluded front is formed during the process of cyclogenesis when a cold front overtakes a warm front.
When this occurs, the warm air is separated (occluded) from the cyclone center at the Earth's surface.
Ex1-cold overtakes warm
Ex2-warm air separate |
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Term
140.More Factors Affecting Wind
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Definition
learned in another lesson, temperature differences lead to air pressure differences, and air pressure creates convection currents, which, as we just learned, create wind.
Air at the equator is warmed with more solar energy than the air at the North Pole, so it rises and then moves horizontally toward the North Pole
Ex1-warm air at equator
Ex2-cold in the north pole |
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Term
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Definition
is the warm phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (commonly called ENSO) and is associated with a band of warm ocean water that develops in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific
El Niño is characterized by unusually warm temperatures and la nina by unusually cool temperatures in the equatorial Pacific.
Ex1-water develops in central
Ex2-waem temputurs |
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Term
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Definition
La Niña is associated with cooler than normal water temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean, unlike El Niño which is associated with warmer than normal water.
La Niña is associated with cooler than normal water temperatures in the EquatorialPacific Ocean, unlike El Niño which is associated with warmer than normal water.
Ex1-cold temperature
Ex2-warmer water |
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Term
142.Doppler effect
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Definition
The Doppler effect (or Doppler shift) is the change in frequency of a wave for an observer moving relative to its source.
A Doppler radar is a specialized radar that makes use of the Doppler effect to produce velocity data about objects at a distance.
Ex-the closer the shorter the waves
Ex2-sound waves
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Term
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Definition
The ozone layer or ozone shield refers to a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
It contains high concentrations of ozone (O3) relative to other parts of the atmosphere, although still very small relative to other gases in the stratosphere
Ex1-absorbs sunlight
Ex2-small compared to other gasses in stratosphere |
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Term
145.Greenhouse effect
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Definition
The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be in the absence of its atmosphere.
If a planet's atmosphere contains radiatively active gases (i.e.,greenhouse gases) the atmosphere radiates energy in all directions.
Ex1-wasrms up planet
Ex2-different directions
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Term
146.Global warming
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Definition
Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earth's climate.
The greenhouse effect is the natural process by which the atmosphere traps some of the Sun's energy, warming the Earth enough to support life.
Ex1-increase in temp
Ex2-stores sun energy |
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