• May 7, 1915
• Brit. passengerships were regularly sunk by German Subs but the "" had Ams. aboard and brought U.S. into war
• Germany promised to stop submarine warfare

• 1917
• Germany sent this to MX instructing an ambassador to convince Mexico to go to war with the U.S.
• It was intercepted

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

• This Germany's practice of attacking any and all shipping to countries it was at war with annoyed neutral countries

• headed by George Creel
• in charge of propaganda for WWI
• depicted U.S. as a champ of justice and liberty

• most powerful agency of the war
• it had to satisfy the allied needs for goods and direct American industries in what to produce

Conscription policies

• poor were drafted disproportionatly and in NY, they rioted, killing 73 ppl

• led the Food Administration and started many programs to streamline food production and distribution

• Wilson's ideas that he wanted included in the WWI peace treaty,including freedom of the seas and the League of Nations

• devised by Pres. Wilson, it reflected the power of large countries
• although comprised of delegates from every country, it was designed to be run by a council of the 5 largest countries
• included provision for world court

• During WWI, S. Blacks began to move North , where there were more jobs and less racism
• the increase number of blacks led to white Backlash and conditions like Southern racism

• was against the League of Nations, so he packed the foreign relations committee with critics and was successful in convincing the senate to reject the treaty

Isolationism

• Charles Lindberg
• became politically controversial because he was an isolationist and pro-Germany

Espionage Act 1917 and Sedition Act 1918

• brought forth under Wilson Admin.
• stated that treacherous act on draft dodging was forbidden outlawed disgracing the gov't, the Constitution or military uniforms, and forbade aiding the enemy

WWI involved violent, modern weapons and old fighting styles. With so many men at war, nations needed other people to work in the factories and other wartime industries.

• 1919
• Communist party was gaining strength in U.S. and Ams, fear communism
• 4,000 communist jailed and deported

Palmer Raids

• in 33 cities broke into meeting hall and homes without warrants

"Red Summer, Race Riots, 1919

Caused by increased taxes and the government borrowing money directly from citizens.

• an anti-foreign feeling that arose in the 1840s and 1860s in response to influx of Irish and German Catholics

After WW I, Germany, Eastern Europe and the western portion of the former Russian Empire split into new countries. Wilson wanted them to have their own governments.

• 1920s
• based on the past-Civil War terriorist organization, the invisible empire of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan was founded in GA in 1915 by William Simmons to fight influence of Blacks, Jews, and Catholics
• Growth in Midwestand Ohio Valley states
• declined in 1929

First legislation passed which restricted the number of immigrants. Quota was 357,800, which let in only 2% of the number of people of that nationality that were allowed in in 1890. 1924 - Limited the number of immigrants to 150,000 per year.

Sacco and Vanzetti case

• Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Yanzetti were Italian imms, charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree,Mass
• trial lasted from 1920-21

• 1925
• Prosecution of Dayton Tennessee teacher, John Scopes, for violation of the Butler Act, a tenessee law forbidding pub school from teaching evolution
• convicted and fired $100
• major shift of pub. opinion from fundamentalism

Prohibition - 1919: the 18th Amendment outlawed the manufacture or sale of intoxicating liquors.

Fredrick w. Taylor, Scientific Management

• 1911
• increase industrial output by rationalizing and refining the production process

Henry Ford's assembly line, mass production

• 1913
• Ford developed the mass produces Model-Tcar which sold at an affordable cost
• pioneered the use of the assembly line

• 1925
• advertising exec. Barton called Jesus the "founder of modern business" because he picked men up from the bottom ranks and built a successful empire

in the 1920's, home entertainment was bolstered by the spectacular growth of the radio

Flappers

• 1920's
• women started wearing short skirts and boobed hair, had more sexual freedom
• began to abandon traditional female roles and take jobs usually reserved for men

• American leader of the movement, to legalize birth control daring early 1900s
• nurse in NY saw suffering caused by unwanted pregnancies

Equal Rights Amendment

• proposed the 27th amendment, called four equal rights of both sexes
• defeated in House in 1972

Louis Armstrong, and Duke Ellington

• Writer Gertrude Stein named the new Literary movement when she told Hemingway
• used quote in The Sun Also Rises
• thought it was materialistic

He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954 and the Pulitzer Prize in 1952. A Farewell to Arms was written in 1929 and told the story of a love affair between an American ambulance driver and a British nurse in Italy during WW I.

Sinclair Lewis, Main Street, Babbit

• gained international fame for his novels attactking the weakness in American Society
• A22 focuses on a typicakl small business person's futile attempts to break from confinement

Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes

• 1902-1967
• was a gifted writer who wrote humerous, poems, essays and poetry
• Harlem was a center for Black writers, musicians

Marcus Garvey University, Negro Improvement Association

• 1887-1946
• believed Blacks would not get justice in mostly white nations

• 1902-1974
• flew his airplane across the Atlantic in the first transatlantic solo flight

• The U.S and nine other countries discussed limits annual armament
• felt that naval arms race had contributed to the start of WWI

• Post WWI  depression in Germany left it unable to pay reparation and Germany defaulted on its payments in 1923

Fall leased government land to the oil companies (Teapot Dome Scandal) and was convicted of accepting a bribe.

Fordney-McCumber Tarriff

• 1922
• Pushed by Congress in 1922, it raised tarriff rates

• 1929
• navalk strategic oil reserve at elk hills, also known " teapot dome" was taken out Navy's control and placed in the hands of the Dpmt. of the Interior

He led the Food Administration and started many programs to streamline food production and distribution.

Andrew Mellon, Secretary of Treasury

• one of the wealthiest bankers of his day, and along with other business tycoons, controlled congress