Spinalis

A: Unilateral - lateral flex trunk to same side

Bilateral - extend trunk

N: dorsal spinal nerves

Longissimus

A: Unilateral - laterally flex trunk to same side

Bilateral - extend the trunk

N: dorsal spinal nerves

Ilicocstalis

A: Unilateral - laterally flex trunk to same side

Bilateral - extend trunk

N: dorsal spinal nerves

Multifidi

A: Unilateral - rotate trunk to the opposite side

Bilateral - extend trunk

N: dorsal spinal nerves

Semispinalis Capitis

A: extend head and trunk

N: dorsal spinal nerves

Rotatores

A: Unilateral - rotate trunk to the opposite side

Bilateral - extend the trunk

N: dorsal spinal nerves

Quadratus Lumborum

A: Unilateral - lateral pelvic tilt, trunk lateral flexion, extend trunk; Bilateral - fix 12th rib during inhalation and forced exhalation

O: posterior iliac crest, transverse processes of L1 - L4

I: rib 12

N: branches of T12 & L1

Rectus Abdominis

A: flex trunk

O: pubic symphsis, pubic crest

I: cartilage of ribs 5 - 7, xiphoid process

N: intercostals

External Oblique

A: Unilateral - laterally flex trunk to same side, rotation of trunk to opposite side; Bilateral - flex trunk, compresses abdominal contents

N: intercostals

Internal Oblique

A: Unilateral - lateral trunk flexion to the same side, rotation of trunk to the same side; Bilateral - trunk flexion; compression of abdominal contents

N: intercostals

Transverse Abdominis

A: compresses abdominal contents

N: intercostals

Diaphragm

A: draw down on central tendon of diaphragm; increase volume of thoracic cavity during inhalation

N: phrenic

Intercostals

A: External Intercostals - assisting with inhalation by drawing ribs superiorly, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity

Internal Intercostals - assist with exhalation by drawing the ribs inferiorly, decresing the volume of the thorcic cavity

O: inferior border of the rib above

I: superior border of the rib below

N: intercostals

Serratus Posterior Superior

A: elevates ribs during inhalation

O: spinous process of C7 - T3

I: posterior surface of ribs 2 - 5

N: spinal nerves

Serratus Posterior Inferior

A: depresses ribs during exhalation

O: spinous process of T12 - L3

I: posterior surface of ribs 9 - 12

N: spinal nerves

Intertransversarii

A: Unilateral - trunk flexion to the same side; Bilateral - extend the trunk

O: transverse process C2 - C7

I: transverse process of L1 - L5

N: dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves

Interspinalis

A: extend the trunk

O: spinous process of C2 - T3

I: spinous process of T12 - L5

N: dorsal rami of spinal nerves