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| where is DNA mostly found ic the cell |
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| DNA is made up of repeating ________ |
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| i know the steps of DNA replication |
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Definition
1. DNA unwinds
2. DNA unzips between the weak hydrogen bonds
3.free floating nucleotides match up with the nitrogen bases according to the base pair rule
4. two identical DNA strands are formed |
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| why does the DNA have to be replicated before cell division |
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Definition
| so that when the sell divides the new cell well have a copy of the DNA |
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| first stage, longest stage and the cell grows to double its size, it produces all the organelle needed to carry out its function it produces structures used during cell division (centrosomes with centrioles) then it starts replication. |
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2nd step of the cell cycle
has four steps:
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase |
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1st step in mitosis
chromatin in the nucleus condenses to form chromosomes, structures called spindle fibers extend from the centrioles and form betwwen the ends of the cell, the nuclear membrane breaks down |
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step 2 of mitosis
each chromosomes attaches to s dpindle fiber at its centromere, the chromosomes move along the fibers and line up across the middle of the cell |
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step 3 of mitosis
the centromeres split, the two chromatids seperates and move along the spindle fibers to the opposite sides of the cell, the cell stretches as the opposite ends pull apart |
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fourth step of mitosis
the chromatids begin to stretch and lose their rod like shape, a new nuclear membrane forms around each area of chromatid |
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Term
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Definition
| cytokenisis is the shortest and last step in the cell cycle, each daughter cell ends up with the same number of identical chromatid and about half of the organelle and cytoplasm |
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Term
| cytokinesis (animal cell) |
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Definition
| the cell membrane pinches in the middle of the cell to form two seperate cells |
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| cytokinesis (plant cells) |
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Definition
| a plant has a rigid cell wall that can't pinch together to devide the cell, a structure called a cell plate forms and slowly turns into new cell membrane between the 2 daughter cells, new cell walls then form around the cell membrane |
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| what ways do DNA differ from RNA |
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Definition
1) DNA contains deoxyriboes sugar and RNA contains riboes sugar
2) DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded
3)there are 2 types of RNA and there is one type of DNA
4) RNA has uracil and DNA has thymine |
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Term
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Definition
| messenger RNA copies info from DNA in the nucleus. Transfer DNA the uses this information to produce protein in the ribosomes |
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| building blocks of proteins |
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Definition
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Definition
| mRNA is a codon that is formed in the nucleus during transcription and sends the information inside the DNA to the ribosomes |
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Definition
| tRNA is an anti codon that maches up with three nitrogen bases according to the base pair rule then forms a protein chain |
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Definition
first part of protein synthesis where RNA copies the coded message on a single strand of DNA
ex)
TAC TCC original DNA strand
ATG AGG new DNA strand
AUG AGG mRNA strand
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Definition
2nd part of protein synthesis
the nitrogen bases pair on a tRNA matches up with the nitrogen bases mRNA and the codon on the mRNA make up the amino acid |
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Definition
| three nitrogen bases on mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 nitrogen bases on a tRNA |
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