Term
| What were the four goals of the Progressive Movement? |
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Definition
| Protect social welfare, Promote moral improvement, Create economic reform, and Foster efficiency. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chief factory inspector of Illinois. Helped pass Illinois Factory Act. |
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Term
| What does the Illinois Factory Act do? |
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Definition
| Prohibits child labor and limits womens' working hours. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why was prohibition problematic? |
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Definition
| Immigrants had customs that required alcohol. Also, alcoholic beverage companies would lose business. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organized the Socialist Party in 1901. |
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Term
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Definition
| People (usually reporters) who wrote about everyday life to expose corruption in business and government. |
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Term
| What was the Brandeis Brief? |
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Definition
| Evidence used in court where social scientists proved there were problems with the current working conditions. |
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Term
| What was scientific management? |
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Definition
| A way for businesses to use scientific studies to effectively manage their production line and workers. |
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Term
| What were the effects of scientific management? |
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Definition
| Workers were forced to work at maximum potential, which overwhelmed them and led to injury. |
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Term
| What was one key influence in reforming city politics? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Robert M. La Follette? |
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Definition
| Wanted to get corporations out of politics and regulate large businesses. |
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Term
| What was the Keating-Owen Act? |
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Definition
| Prohibited transport of goods produced with child labor across state lines. |
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Term
| What happened in Muller v. Oregon? |
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Definition
| Poor working women were seen as more insecure than large corporations, thus needing protection. The court upholds a 10 hr workday. |
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Term
| What was the result of Bunting v. Oregon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the three principles of the Direct Primary System? |
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Definition
| The Initiative (people can petition for a bill), the Referendum (voters vote on the bill), and the Recall (voters can remove an official in office by forcing another election) |
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Term
| What did the 17th Amendment do? |
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Definition
| Stated that senators are elected by popular vote. |
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Term
| What happened in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire? |
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Definition
| 146 workers (mostly immigrant girls) died in an unsafe factory. |
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Term
| What was an effect of Women's Colleges? |
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Definition
| Women were able to be independent. |
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Term
| What did Susan B. Anthony think about the 14th and 15th Amendments? |
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Definition
| Thought they were unfair because they excluded women. |
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Term
| What was the three-party plan for Women's suffrage? Did it work well? |
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Definition
1. Convince legislators.
2. Use the courts to test the 14th Amendment
3. Push for an amendment.
Did not work well. |
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Term
| What was Roosevelt's Square Deal? |
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Definition
| Name for Roosevelt's progressive reforms that protected people from large businesses. |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of trying to remove business trusts. |
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Term
| What was the effect of the Coal Strike of 1902? |
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Definition
| Roosevelt establishes an Arbitration Commission to mediate disputes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Banned railroads from giving discounts and rebates to railroads. Also forced railroads to tell the public about price changes. |
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Term
| What was the Hepburn Act? |
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Definition
| Limited giving out free railroad passes to prevent bribery. Also allowed Interstate Commerce Commission to set maximum rates. |
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Term
| What was the significance of Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle"? |
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Definition
| Muckraked the meat industry and highlighted a need for more regulation. |
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Term
| What was the Meat Inspection Act? |
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Definition
| Forced factories to be very sanitary and created a federal inspection program. |
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Term
| What was the Pure Food and Drug Act? |
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Definition
| Banned the sale of contaminated consumables and required truthful medicine labels. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea of protecting some land from development while allowing others to develop other lands. |
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Term
| What was the Newlands Act? |
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Definition
| Used money from selling Western public land to fund irrigation projects. |
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Term
| What was the NAACP, and what happened to it during the progressive movement? |
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Definition
| Was an organization that wanted racial equality. Was ignored by progressive reform. |
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Term
| What was the Payne-Aldrich Tariff? |
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Definition
| Lowered tariff rates, but seemed to abandon progressivism. |
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Term
| Under Taft, what was the divide in the Republican party? |
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Definition
| Progressives vs. Conservatives |
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Term
| How was the Bull Moose Party formed? |
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Definition
| Progressive Republicans refused to vote when Taft replaced Roosevelt delegates with his own. |
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Term
| What were the two main goals of the Bull Moose Party? |
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Definition
| Wanted direct election of senators and the adoption of the Direct Primary system. |
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Term
| What were side goals of the Bull Moose Party? |
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Definition
| Women's suffrage, 8 hr workdays, a minimum wage for women, federal laws against child labor, and a federal trade commission. |
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Term
| What were the three targets of the New Freedom? |
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Definition
| Trusts, Tariffs, and high finance. |
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Term
| What were Wilson's two main antitrust measures? |
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Definition
| The Clayton Antitrust Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act. |
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Term
| What did the Clayton Antitrust Act do? |
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Definition
| Stopped corporations from buying stocks if it would cause a monopoly. |
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Term
| What did the Federal Trade Commission do? |
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Definition
| "Watchdog" of trade regulations. Allowed to investigate trade. |
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Term
| What did the 16th Amendment do? |
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Definition
| Legalized a graduated federal income tax. |
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Term
| What was the Federal Reserve Act of 1913? |
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Definition
| Set up 12 financial districts across the nation and established a federal reserve bank in each one. |
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Term
| What were the three things that made Women's Suffrage possible? |
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Definition
| Increased activism of local groups, bold new strategies, and the rebirth of the national movement. |
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Term
| What were the 5 tactics of NAWSA? |
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Definition
| Organization, Close ties between workers, Establishment of a wide base of supporters, Cautious lobbying, and Ladylike behavior. |
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Term
| What differentiated the NWP from NAWSA? |
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Definition
| The NWP used more radical tactics to fight for Women's suffrage. |
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Term
| What did the 19th Amendment do? |
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Definition
| Granted women the right to vote. |
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Term
| What were the 8 reasons why the Industrial Revolution took off? |
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Definition
| Railroads, New Land, Immigrants, Urbanization, Inventions/Innovation, New Business practices, Social Darwinism, and Government belief in laizzez-faire. |
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Term
| What are the three parts of developing infrastructure? |
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Definition
| Economics, Technology, and Social Equality. |
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Term
| What happened in the Strike of 1877? How did it end? |
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Definition
| Workers from B&O railroad strike for a wage cut. Ended when federal troops stopped the strikers for hurting interstate commerce. |
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Term
| What happened in the Haymarket Affair? |
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Definition
| 3000 strikers went to Chicago to protest police brutality. Became violent after a protester threw a bomb at police. |
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Term
| What was the main effect of the Haymarket Affair? |
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Definition
| Made the public turn against labor movements. |
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Term
| What happened in the Homestead Strike? Who won? |
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Definition
| Workers at Carnegie Steel Co. strike because of low wages. Company president hired armed guards to later hire replacement workers. The company won. |
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Term
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Definition
| People who are hired to replace strikers. |
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Term
| What happened in the Pullman Strike? |
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Definition
| Workers protest very low wages and lay-offs. |
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Term
| How did the Pullman Strike end? |
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Definition
| Grover Cleveland sent in federal troops. |
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Term
| What was the transcontinental railroad? |
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Definition
| A long railroad that crossed the US. |
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Term
| What is the significance of the Crédit Mobiler? |
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Definition
| Was a construction company that laid track at 3x the cost and pocketed the profits. Shares of stock sent to Congressmen. Corrupted officials. |
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Term
| What were the Granger Laws? |
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Definition
| Established maximum rates for railroad services. |
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Term
| What was the Interstate Commerce Act? |
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Definition
| Federal government can set up a commission that has the right to investigate interstate commerce. |
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Term
| What is vertical integration? |
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Definition
| The process of buying out suppliers for the manufacture of a good. |
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Term
| What is horizontal integration? |
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Definition
| The process of buying and merging companies that produce similar products. |
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Term
| What is Social Darwinism? What was it used for? |
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Definition
| A theory that applied "survival of the fittest" to humans. Was used to justify laissez-faire economics. |
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Term
| Who were the Robber Barons? |
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Definition
| Rockefeller's associates who monopolized crude oil supplies. |
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Term
| What was the Sherman Antitrust Act? Did it work well? |
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Definition
| Law that made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade. Was ineffective because "trust" wasn't well defined. |
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Term
| What was Americanization? |
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Definition
| A movement to assimilate immigrants. |
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Term
| What was the Gentleman's Agreement? |
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Definition
| Japan's government would limit emigration of unskilled workers in order to desegregate schools in San Francisco. |
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Term
| Name some "push" factors for immigration. |
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Definition
| Famine, Overpopulation, Religious Persecution, Unemployment |
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Term
| Name some "pull" factors for immigration. |
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Definition
| Pursuit of the American Dream, Gold/God/Glory, Natural resource availability, Job opportunities |
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Term
| What is gentrification, and what are its effects? |
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Definition
| Gentrification is when a large organization fixes a city and raises prices. This displaces the poor because they can't afford to live there. |
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Term
| What were political machines? |
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Definition
| A system of city politics where politicians would offer something to voters in exchange for votes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The use of political power or influence for personal gain |
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Term
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Definition
| Republicans who wanted to keep patronage. |
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Term
| What is the name of the law that enforced civil service? |
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Definition
| Pendelton Civil Service Act |
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Term
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Definition
| The unionization of skilled workers. |
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Term
| What was the key difference in tactics between the AFL and the Knights of Labor? |
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Definition
| The AFL preferred to use strikes, while the Knights preferred arbitration. |
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Term
| What was the key focus of the Knights of Labor? |
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Definition
| The Knights focused on individual workers rather than all workers. |
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Term
| What did both the AFL and Knights of Labor support? |
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Definition
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