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Unit 5 Soil Study Guide
N/A
34
Environmental Studies
9th Grade
03/14/2013

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Term
What is mechanical weathering?
Definition
When physical forces break rock into smaller and smaller pieces without changing the rock's mineral composition.
Term
What is frost wedging?
Definition
the mechanical breakup of rock caused by the expansion of freezing water in cracks and crevices.
Term
When water freezes, its volume___.
Definition
increases
Term
Which of the following is NOT associated with mechanical weathering?
Definition
reactions with oxygen
Term
What is Chemical Weathering?
Definition
The transformation of rock into one or more new compounds.
Term
Which of the following is the result of chemical weathering?
Definition
A rock that has been changed into one or more new compounds
Term
The atmosphere gas that forms a lid acid when dissolved in water is____
Definition
Carbon Dioxide
Term
What would cause the inscription on a marble gravestone to become harder and harder to read over time?
Definition
Chemical Weathering
Term
What climate does chemical weather favor the most?
Definition
Climates with high temperatures and abundant moisture.
Term
What are the major components of soil?
Definition
Mineral matter or broken down rock,organic matter or humus (which is decayed remains of organisms), water and air
Term
A soil's texture is determined by
Definition
you use the categories of clay, slit and sand in the soil.
Term
The main source of organic matter in soil is
Definition
plants
Term
Use Figure 5-1 to determine what a soil is called if it has 20 percent clay, 60 percent silt, and 20 percent sand.
Definition
Silty Loam
Term
What are the proportions of clay, slit, and sand shown at point B in Figure 5-1?
Definition
Clay 20%, slit 40%, Sand 40%
Term
What are the proportions of clay,slit, and sand shown at point C in Figure 5-1?
Definition
Clay 10%, Slit 20%, Sand 70%
Term
A soil associated with the hot and wet tropics is ___.
Definition
Laterite.
Term
Pedalfer soils contain high amounts of __.
Definition
Iron oxide and aluminum-rich clays.
Term
The process responsible for moving material downslope under the influence of gravity is called ___.
Definition
Mass movement
Term
What is the force behind mass movements?
Definition
Gravity
Term
A mass movement that involves the sudden movement of a block of material along a flat, inclined surface is called a ___.
Definition
Rockslides or a slide
Term
Which of these factors affects the rate of weathering?
Definition
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Term
Why can the removal of vegetation trigger mass movements?
Definition
The plant roots bind the soil and regolith together.
Term
In the process of ____, water freezes and expands, enlarging cracks in rocks.
Definition
Frost Wedging
Term
A large pile of debris that forms at the base of a slope is called ___.
Definition
Talus
Term
What is the most important agent of chemical weathering?
Definition
Water
Term
What is regolith?
Definition
Layer of rock and mineral fragments, which covers nearly all of the Earth's land surface.
Term
The force_______.
Definition
Gravity.
Term
What is the content in the soil type Pedocal?
Definition
Abundant calcite or calcuim carbonate and are typically light gray-brown.
Term
What is the location and content of the soil type Laterite?
Definition
Found in hot, wet tropical areas. Iron oxides and aluminum oxides are present.
Term
One of the most dramatic triggers of sudden mass movements is an
Definition
Earthquake
Term
______, the slowest type of mass movement, involves the lifting and contracting of soil particles over time.
Definition
Creep
Term
What are the three factors that affect the rate of weathering?
Definition
Mechanical weathering, rock characteristics, and climate.
Term
How are soils classified based on texture?
Definition
You use the percentages of clay, slit, and sand.
Term
Explain the three processes that break rocks into smaller pieces during mechanical weathering?
Definition
Frost wedging, unloading, and biological activity
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