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| Many different changes helped increase food production. One was the 3 field rotation and the other was a heavy, iron, wheeled plow called a __________. |
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| _________ were business associations developed by artisans and craftsmen to limit competition, improve quality, develop skills, and control wages and prices for specific skills. |
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| What is NOT true about peasant life in the Middle Ages? |
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| If they worked hard, they would be able to move up in class. |
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| _________ was an agricultural based estate ran by a local lord and worked by peasants. |
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| At the age of 10, one could become an ___________ under a master for 5 to 7 years where they would learn about a skill or craft. |
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| New banks, trading companies, and a money economy were all parts of _____________ ___________ which is system where people invest in trade and goods to make profit. |
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| The majority of peasants at the time were called ________ and were legally bound to the land having to farm the lord's crops but being guaranteed rights, lands, and protection. |
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| ____________ in the Mediterranean and ____________ in N. Europe were key places when it comes to the revival of trade and the growth of the merchant class. |
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| The merchant class that built walled cities and aided in the downfall of feudalism were called the _______________. |
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| The ______________ were a group of monks that actively searched for those that were guilty of denying basic Church doctrine (beliefs) which is called _________. |
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| Pope Innocent III's favorite spiritual weapon was ________ which forbid the clergy in a region to give the holy sacraments. This ultimately would make that group pressure a king or noble to give in to the pope. |
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| The _____________ were a group of monks that lived in poverty as their founder did to show the simplicity and poverty that was often asked of Christians to avoid material goods and temptation. |
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| The ___________ was a Holy Office or court that was created to try those who denied Church doctrine or beliefs. Those who confessed originally had to perform public penance, typically flogging; however, later they were tortured to confess in order to save their souls. |
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| When a king or noble would chose Church offices and give them a ring and staff was known as the practice of ____ _____________. |
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| The ___________ were group of monks that believe Benedictine Monasticism was too soft and should spend less time in service and more time doing good works. |
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| Henry IV ignores the pope's decree and appoints a new bishop of Milan leading to Civil War. After the pope and Henry IV are removed, the new king and pope come to an agreement called the ______________ of _________. |
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| Pope _____________ ____ (numeral) believed he was chosen by god to reform or fix the Church and decreed that anything Christian was to be handled by the Church. |
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| What 2 statements are true about religion in the Middle Ages? |
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-Many went on pilgrimages to visit bones or objects of saints called relics.
-All parts of people's lives were dedicated to receiving God's grace and salvation. |
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| Many people who did not agree with the corruption and fighting within the Church worked at reforms. Specifically, John ____ from Bohemia created an uprising in the area for 20 years, though burned for heresy. |
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| The ________ __________ was an issue for the Church since it had a hard time explaining or combating this deadly disease of the Middle Ages. |
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| Black Death or Bubonic Plague |
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| Many Popes lived in luxury in southern France at ___________ between 1305-1377 which made many Christians challenge the supremacy of the Church |
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| Henry V of England lead at the muddy battle of _____________ in 1415 which was a seemingly impossible win. |
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| The volume of books that summaries theology, are the foremost authority on religion, and later accepted as Church doctrine are called the ________ ______________. |
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| After fighting the Moors in Spain, two strong states emerged. What were the rulers of those 2 states who eventually marry and make a strong, Catholic Spain? |
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| Jews flee from Germany to Poland during the Middle Ages due to _____-_______________ or hostility toward Jews. |
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| ________ of ___ was a young peasant girl that had visions that told her to help the French. |
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| The biggest change during the 100 Years War was the use of __________ as foot soldiers and a powerful ____________ which was better than the crossbow in many ways. |
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| The first university was built in ___________, Italy where students would learn law. |
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| _____________ churches were built with thick walls, a few small windows, and in a basilica shape. |
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| The _______ __________ was when there were 2 or sometimes 3 'separate' popes ruling in S. France, Rome, and even Pisa which also leads to many challenging the Church's power and supremacy |
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| This royal family took over in England after a civil war called the War of the Roses. |
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| Chanson de geste like "Song of Roland" and troubadour like King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table are two types of stories written in the ______________ or everyday language like French, English, Spanish, or German rather than Latin. |
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| The 100 Years War was fighting between King __________ ___ of England and King ______ ___ of France. |
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| __________ is the study of religion or God which was most highly regarded. |
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| The attempt to unite reason, logic, and rationality with faith called scholasticism was most famously attempted by St. ____________ _____________ |
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| Gothic churches were far taller with a lot of large stain-glass windows made possible by ___________ ___________ which are heavy arched shaped supports for the heavy ceilings. |
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