Term
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Definition
Def: Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the 1880s.
Sig: Set the stage for WWI, causing global tension etc, allied together in WWII (except Italy)
Ana: Italy manages to squirm out when war starts, later joins opposing side of the Allies, is replaced in the Triple Alliance by the Ottoman Empire. |
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Term
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Definition
Def: Alliance between Britain, France, and Russia
Sig: set stage for WWI, allied during WWI (they won)
Ana: formed in opposition of Triple Alliance |
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Term
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Definition
Def: archduke of Austria-Hungary in early 1900s.
Sig: got shot while visiting Bosnia by Serbian nationalist, his death started the domino effect which turned into WWI
Ana: all of the alliances that were in place made everything go crazy when he was assasinated |
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Term
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Definition
Def: policy where a country declares neutrality to focus on its own internal affairs
Sig: U.S. followed this policy for most of WWI
Ana: President Wilson finally joins the war near the very end, after the Zimmerman telegram. |
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Term
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Definition
Def: treaty signed in 1919 that brought an end to WWI
Sig: required that Germany pay war reparations, release territory, and downsize military, split Austria-Hungary into two nations, created new nations like Czechoslovakia.
Ana: was a departure from Wilson's Fourteen Points |
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Term
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Definition
Def: joint council of nations created by President Wilson from his Fourteen Points that would try to establish international laws and accepted standards of fairness in international conduct
Sig: many nations would not join, USA included
Ana: inherently failed when the nation who started it wouldn't even join it. |
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Term
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Definition
Def: treaty that Russia signed w/ Europe that ceded west Russian territory to Germany and got Ressia out of WWI
Sig: ended Russia's part in the war
Ana: other countries would be mad at Russia for dropping out before it was finished |
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Term
| New Economic Policy (NEP) |
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Definition
Def: policy enacted by Soviet leader Lenin that had capitalistic aspects.
Sig: was successful in agriculture, but Lenin died before it could expand.
Ana: would later be replaced by Stalin's Five Year Plans |
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Term
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Definition
Def: economic reforms issued by Joseph Stalin that called for expedient agricultural production by taking over private farms and combining them into state-owned enterprises (collectivization) and constructing large, nationalized factories.
Sig: under the name of communism, but was really totalitarianism. Many died protecting farms and from famine.
Ana: industrialized the USSR, improved economy for country as a whole but used terror tactics |
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Term
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Definition
Def: political party that wants to destroy the will of the individual in favor of "the people"
Sig: subset of totalitarianism, want a unified society but not concerned w/ eliminating private property or class distinctions.
Ana: Italy first fascist govt, aided in starting war |
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Term
| Munich Conference of 1938 |
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Definition
Def: conference including Hitler, Mussolini, and Prime Minister of England which gave Hitler the Sudetenland in promise that he would cease his expansionist activities.
Sig: was trying to appease Hitler, broke the rules of the Treaty of Versailles
Ana: needless to say, it didn't work |
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Term
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Definition
Def: WWII battle between German and Royal Air Forces
Sig: though the British's air force was smaller, they won
Ana: radar played a big part |
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Term
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Definition
Def: Plan institued by the USA after WWI to help rebuild European economies
Sig: free money to any country who took up the deal, but then they could only use it to buy American made products
Ana: only accepted by W. European countries. It worked to the advantage of both the countries who took and America. Most European economies rebuilt in under a decade. |
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Term
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Definition
Def: maneuver by Soviets in which they cut of the land to Berlin
Sig: the West flew food and supplies into the city (called Berlin Airlift)
Ana: Soviets had to relent and Berlin was split between the two halves of Germany. In 1961, the Soviets build the Berlin Wall to prevent access to the West. |
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Term
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Definition
Def: 1947 document stating that the U.S. would aid countries threatened by communist takeovers.
Sig: containment policy, preventing the expansion of enemies.
Ana: spurred NATO and the Warsaw Pact to form. |
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Term
| People's Republic of China |
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Definition
Def: largest communist nation in the world under the leadership of Mao Zedong.
Sig: part of China that split from Taiwan after Mao Zedong took over, eventually declared the "true" China but the United Nations.
Ana: still not reunited w/ Taiwan (Republic of China) |
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Term
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Definition
Def: reform instituted by Mao Zedong where huge communes were created in order to push the revolution towards its goal of a Marxist state.
Sig: failed. 30 million Chinese people starved. Zedong's previous success might as well have been erased.
Ana: caused Soviet Union to withdraw its support of China. |
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Term
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Definition
Def: policy enacted by Mao Zedong in an attempt to discourage anyone from reaching a priviledged ruling class, become more communist.
Sig: essentially made his country dumber, shut down higher levels of education, sent smart ppl to farms for "cultural retraining" etc.
Ana: did not help China economically or socially. |
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Term
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Definition
Def: allowed USA to remain involved in Cuban affairs even after they win their independance.
Sig: US benefits economically, Cuba doesn't, spurs revolt under leadership of Fidel Castro.
Ana: US supported the Batista Dictatorship, pretty much made all the Cubans hate us. |
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Term
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Definition
Def: US CIA attempt to stir a revolt against Castro
Sig: failed, used a small force of Cuban exiles instead of US military
Ana: made Cuba and Soviet Union realize US might try something bigger, spurred Cuban Missle Crisis |
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Term
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Definition
Def: 319 Hindu and Muslim Indians killed by British during a peaceful protest in a city park.
Sig: they were doing nothing but protesting, most thought the massacre completely unneccessary and unwarranted, city was walled so protestors were unable to escape
Ana: spurred India toward self-rule movement |
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Term
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Definition
Def: separation of the races
Sig: established in South Africa in 1948 to divide the black (80% pop) and the white
Ana: blacks lived in extremely poor conditions, organized under Nelson Mandela to fight back. Finally abolished in 1994 when Mandela was let out of prison and elected president. |
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Term
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Definition
Def: 1917 declaration that stated that the Jewish ppl had a right to a home in Palestine but that in no way should the Palestinians who lived there be displaced.
Sig: Jews started migrating to Palestine by the thousands.
Ana: messy messy messy, still messy today. |
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Term
| Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) |
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Definition
Def: a group dedicated to relcaming the land and esablishing a Palestnian state
Sig: so far unsuccessful
ana: complicated by uprising of terrorism against Israeli citizens |
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Term
| OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Companies) |
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Definition
Def: countries who export oil who decided to work together
Sig: caused oil prices to go wayyyy up, worked to the benefit of OPEC countries, have 75% of world's petroleum reserves.
Ana: members weild huge power over world economy |
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