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| THE APPLICATION OF THE MOST EFFICIENT MEANS TO ACHIEVE GIVEN GOALS AND THE UNINTENDED NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF DOING SO |
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| A FORM OF RATIONALIZATION SPECIFICALLY IT REFERS TO THE SPREAD OF THE PRINCIPLESOF FAST FOOD RESTAURANTS SUCH AS EFFICIENCY PREDICTABILITY AND CALCULABILITY TO ALL SPHERES OF LIFE |
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| THE STUDY OF SEVERAL HUNDRED MEN WHO OCCUPY COMMAND POSTS OF THE AMERICAN ECONOMY MILITARY AND GOVMNT. THE POWER IN AMERICA IS HIGHLY CONCENTRATED IN AMERICAN SOCIETY THEREFORE AMERICA IS LESS OF A DEMOCRACY THEN WE ARE LED TO BELIEVE |
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| SECONDARY GROUPS DESIGNED TO ACHIEVE SPECIFIC AND EXPLICIT OBJECTIVES |
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| A GROUP COMPOSED OF PEOPLE AGAINST WHOM AN INDIVIDUAL EVALUATES HIS OR HER SITUATION OR CONDUCT |
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| COMPOSED OF PEOPLE WHO BELONG TO A GROUP |
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| COMPOSED OF PEOPLE WHO ARE EXCLUDED FROM THE IN GROUP |
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Definition
| OCCURS WHEN BUREAUCRACIES TREAT CLIENTS AS STANDARD CASES AND PERSONNEL AS COGS IN A GIANT MACHINE THIS TREATMENT FRUSTRATES CLIENTS AND LOWERS WORKERS MORALE |
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Term
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| HOLDS THAT DEVIENCE RESULTS NOT SO MUCH FROM THE ACTIONS OF THE DEVIANT AS FROM THE RESPONSE OF OTHERS WHO LABEL THE RULE BREAKER A DEVIANT |
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| merton--FROM FUNCTIONALIST THEORY: SOCIETIES DO NOT PROVIDE ENOUGH LEGITIMATE OPPROTUNITIES FOR EVERYONE TO SUCCEED RESULTING IN STRAIN ONE REACTION IS TO FIND ALTERNATIVE AND ILLEGITIMATE MEANS OF ACHIEVING SOCIETIES GOALS |
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Definition
| COHEN CLOWARD OHLIN-- EMPHASIZES COLLECTIVE ADAPTIONS TO STRAIN SUCH AS THE FORMATION OF GANGS AND ORGANIZED CRIME AND THE DEGREE TO WICH THESE COLLECTIVE ADAPTIONS HAVE DISTINCT NORMS AND VALUES THAT REJECT THE NONDEVIANT OR NONCRIMINAL WORLS |
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Definition
| SUTHERLAND--PEOPLE BECOME DEVIANTS OR CRIMINALS OR FAIL TO DO SO BECAUSE OF DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEY ARE EXPOSED TO AND THEREFORE LEARN DEVIANT AND CRIMINAL VALUES TO VARYING DEGREES |
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Term
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Definition
| BECKER, MATSUEDA CICOUREL--DERIVES FROM SYMBOLICINTERACTIONIST -- DEVIANCE AND CRIME RESULT NOT JUST FROM THE ACTIONS OF THE DEVIANT OR CRIMINAL BUT ALSO FROM THE RESPONSES OF OTHERS WHO DEFINE SOME ACTIONS AS DEVIANT and other actions as normal |
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Term
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Definition
| HIRSCHI GOTTFREDSON--- DEVIANTS AND CRIMINALS TEND TO BE PEOPLE WITH FEW SOCIAL ATTACHMENTS TO PARENTS TEACHERS AND OTHER RESPECTABLE ROLE MODELS FEW LEGITIMATE OPPORTUNITIES FOR HIGHER EDUCATION AND A GOOD JOB FEW INVOLVEMENTS IN CONVENTIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND WEAK BELIEFS IN TRADITIONAL VALUES AND MORALITY THE LACK OF CONTROL STEMMING FROM THESE SOURCES LEAVES THEM RELATIVELY FREE TO ACT ON THEIR DEVIANT IMPULSES |
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Term
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Definition
| SPITZER---DERIVES FROM THE CONFLICT TRADITION--THE RICH AND THE POWERFUL IMPOSE DEVIANT AND CRIMINAL LABELS ON THE LESS POWERFUL MEMBERS OF SOCIETY PARTICULARLY THOSE WHO CHALLENGE THE EXISTING SOCIAL ORDER THEY ARE USUALLY ABLE TO USE THEIR MONEY AND INFLUENCE TO ESCAPE PUNISHMENT FOR THEIR OWN MISDEEDS |
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