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Free Soil Party

(1848)

These were Americans who believed that the newly obtained land from the Mexican Cession should not allow any people of color into these newly acquired land.

"free soil, free labor, free land"

Also support free homesteads and internal improvements.

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Conscience Whigs

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"barnburners"

barnburners = memebers of Free soil Party

called barnburners b/c their lack of loyalty almost destroyed Democratic Party.

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Popular Sovereignty

Lewis Cass brought up compromise:

instead of having congress decide if new states allow slavery, allow the state (the ppl) itself to vote upon it. 

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Henry Clay

helped with creating Compromise of 1850

he was senator of Kentucky.

He was elected by the Whigs for the Election of 1848.

He was a Mexican war hero and had never been apart of politics b4 then and took no position on slavery in the territories.

Taylor barely beat other opponents b/c the vote was split in 3.

Henry Clay proposed this as a way to solve pol. crisis:

(This compromise added to North's power and added controversy [Fugitive Slave Law])

• Admitted CA to Union as Free state
• divided rest of Mex. Cession into 2 territories: Utah and NM (allowed popular sovereneignty)
• banned slave trade in D.C. but allowed ppl to hold onto slaves
• adopt New Fugitive Slave Law and enforce it. 

politically "astute" and Senator of Illinois

helped with the creation of the passing the compromise of 1850.

Created a way to pass compromise in parts.

He also created the Kansas-Nebraska Act

this law said that if a slave were to run away and be found, the slave is to be returned to the owner, if not, will be penalized if helping slave hide.

This allowed the southerners accept that CA accepted as Free state but northerners didn't appreciate new law... 

a fable network of "conductors and "stations" to help slaves reach freedom in North

Harriet Tubman was an escaped slave who helped about 300 escape.

wasnt well organized and not dominated by white abolitionists as believed to be.

A book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe

Wrote a story about a slave and the trials and tribulations he went through and caused lots of controversy.

Northerners were feeling very sympathetic towards slaves, but Southerners outraged.

This plan created by Stephan Douglas. plan suppose to help build a railroad through central U.S wanted to have support from south so devised a plan that dvided Nebraska territory into Nebraska and Kansas. this opened new opp that they didn't recieve in the Missouri compromise.

Caused new controversy and many Northerners didn't like it and cause Republican party to form. 

bunch of Nativists who didn't like Catholics and immigrants.

usually responded "i know nothing" to pol. q's.

got support from whigs but not very influential and died

appeared in mid-1850s

founded in Wisconsin in  1854 b/c of Kansas-Nebraska Act

mostly consisted of Antislavery whigs and Free-soilers

opposed slavery in territories and became very widespread amoung Northerners by 1860

basically, thought popular sovereneignty would solve prob of slavery but neighboring Missouri had ppl who had homesteads there and gained ctrl of the area.

New England Emigrant Aid Co. (1855) created to help aid antislavery pplz move to Kansas

Fight broke out between proslavery and antislavery groups

part "bleeding Kansas"

1856: proslavery ppl attacked a free soil town

John was a strong abolitionist and attacked Pottawatomie Creek with two sons and killed 5

Mass. Senator Charles Sumner verbally attacked Demo. administration and made personal remarks about Senator Andrew Butler.

Butler's nephew decided to defend uncle while Sumner still talking and beat Sumner almost to death with a cane

Sign of growing separation b/w North and South

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Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)

Dred Scott was a slave and lived in Missouri as one but moved to Wisconsin (free state) for 2 yrs. Master died and mad that he was going to be sold again so brought to court to see if allowed freedom b/c lived in Wisconsin for past 2 yrs.

Court Decision:

1. No right to sue b/c he was AA and AA weren't citizens at the time

2. Congress has no power to deprive someone of their property and if slaves property, than not excluded.

3. Determined that Missouri Compromise of 1820 was not constitutional.

Cheif Justice Taney (southern Democrat)

Made ruling of Dred Scott v. Sanford and many other important cases.

douglas's response to Lincoln's questions

siad slavery could not exist in a community if local citizens did not pass and enforce laws for maintaining it... made Demo. mad

Democrates group split in two

Lincoln was nominated by Republicans

Lincoln won because Demo had split in two so vote was split fro them and there was a 4th party that also helped with that.

SC seceded in 1860 b/c they felt that their rights were being violated and felt that they were able to survive on their own

FL, GA, Miss, LA, and TX soon followed.

Ships with iron rams

Confederacy purchased from Brits and Union foudn out about it.

persuaded brits not to sel them to south b/c they didn't want another war with Brit.

In 1862, Lincoln declared that all slaves in Confederate states were to be free because he believed that the states were actually still part of the Union since it didn't state in the constitution that you could secede.

Southerners didn't really follow the rules b/c they didn't feel they had to. Many AA were happy and escaped to south in order to help Union in war.

This amendment stated that:

"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist within the US, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."

Lee (mil. leader) led army to Penn and caused the most crucial battle in the war

50000 casualties

Raised tariff rates to increase revenue and protect US manufacturers

this tariff helped many industrialists 

Lincoln set this up.

full presidential pardons granted if (1) took oath in allegiance of Union and const. and (2) accepted the emancipation.

state gov't reestablished and accepted as legit if 10% voters took oath.

proposed more demanding terms for Reconstruction, but Lincoln refused and Congress overruled.

needed 50% of voters to take loyalty oath and onnly allow non Confeds voter to make new const.

Andrew Johnson

only guy from confed states that remained loyal to Union

Rep. picke him to be Lincoln's runnin mate to encourage pro-Union Demos to vote.

after Lincoln died, took ctrl of presidnet seat

also made a new reconstruction plan that had disenfranchisement within the rules. 

These were laws Put against AA to limit there freedom.

didnt allow them to rent land, put them in semibondage by force to sign working contract, and prohibited blacks to testify in white courts 

delcared all persons born within the US were citizens

obligated states to respect rights of US citizens and provide equal protection

these acts passed by Congress.

divided south in 5 military districts under ctrl of Union army and also increased requirements of admittance to Union.

This act was also passed by Congress. it didn't allow the President to fire Fed. official or mil. commander w/o approval of Senate.

Johnson decided to test this and fired Secretary of War Edwin Stanton.

Congress was outraged and impeached him

first president to ever get impeached.

Passed by congress

law guarenteed equal accomodations in public places and prohibited courts from excluding AA from juries

Northern newcomers who went to South b/c:

interest in settin up new businesses

to be missionaries and teachers and so on 

this was a system in which land owners would give pieces of their land to ppl and provided them with all tools necessary in order to grow crops and sell it but give a portion of profits to Land owner.

Happened b/c labor workers gone so owners losing $$ so had to find way to gain some. 

Grant put in charge when Panic happened

happened b/c overspeculation by financiers and overbuilding indus., and railroads led to widespread failures

wrote The Significance of the Frontier in American History (1893)

thesis: fontier experience promoted a habit of ind. and individualism. basically promoted settlement in west frontier.

last effrot for natives to resist US domination, but failed

many died