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Challenging environment.
Contains Sahara and Kalahari Deserts.
Equator in center= Tropical |
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| Animism/religion of Africans |
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belief in spirt of nature
Africans believed in many gods |
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| story-tellers who were able to remember and pass on family's history to the next generation |
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ancestors of Nigerians.
Created West Africa's earliest culture.
Created metal working.
Lived in city of Djenne- Djeno, began near the Niger River.
Prosperous trading city. |
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Migrated from Nigeria to East and South Africa.
Population increase caused migration because they needed food. |
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| Slash and Burn Method of Farming |
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Definition
| Cut down and burned trees in the forest so that they would have farmland. This created fertile soil. Fertile soil was not permanent. Reasons they kept migrating. |
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| Spoken by 50 million people in central and east Africa. Uses Bantu basics for language. Also includes Arabic and Persian basics. |
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Settled on southern half of Nile River.
Conquered invaders and took control of Egypt.
Adopted Egypt's culture.
Later conquered by the Assyrians.
Later, moved to Meroe and established a prosperous trading kingdom. |
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Hittites- Moved from western steppe to Anatolia.
Aryans- Moved from western steppe to India. |
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Mongol Leader who defeated other Mongol clans.
First conquest was a piece of Northern China.
Then, attacked Muslims in central Asia because they killed Mongol traders and an ambassador.
Very good organization of warriors made him successful. |
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Term
| Mongols adoption of culture |
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Definition
Adopted culture of people they conquered.
Became Muslim. |
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| Adoption of other cultures did not help to unite but help make them different |
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Guaranteed safety of trade caravans, travelers and missionaries as they moved between Europe and Asia. Because of that, the Chinese innovations reached Europe.
Possibly Bubonic Plague traveled through the trade routes. |
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Term
Kublai Khan
The Great Khan |
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Definition
| Son of Genghis Khan. Ruled all four Khanates. |
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Definition
Begun by Kublai Khan. Short Period of time.
china was united during this time, for the first time in 300 years. Control gave them more contacts in trade. Made few changes to Chinese government. |
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| Why Mongols were unable to conquer Japan |
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Definition
| Korea built a sail to provide provisions for the boat. Fought invaders to a standstill and then a huge storm destroyed mongol boats - the Japanese called it a "Kamikaze." |
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| Kublai Khan made this Chinese city more important by building a palace, a highway, and an extension to the Grand Canal |
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| Chinese products that merchants carried west |
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Definition
| printing, gunpowder, compass, paper currency and playing cards. |
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| Foreign merchants who came to China |
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Definition
| Muslims from India, central Asia, Persia. European traders and travelers, and Christian missionaries. |
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Definition
Went on silk road, learned several Asian languages and Kublai Khan sent him on government missions.
Served Khan well, so he let him remain for 17
years. He liked China, the city, wealth, trade, etc. |
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Term
| 3 khanates of Mongol dynasty |
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Definition
Golden Horde stayed in power in Russia
Chagatai khans ruled Central Asia until 1370's
The govt. of Ilkhanate in Persia fell apart in 1330s |
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Term
| Where the Mongols ruled for the longest time |
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Definition
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Term
| Similarities between Japan and Greece's geography |
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Definition
| Both made up of thousands of islands, very mountainous, 12% is for farming |
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| Mineral resources needed for industry that are scarce in China |
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Definition
| little coal, iron and oil |
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Term
| Japan in first century BC |
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Definition
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| 3 beliefs of Japans ancient religion |
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Definition
Shinto
respect for nature
worship of ancestors
KAMI, divine spirits lived in nature, especially beautiful examples of nature |
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Term
| Japan learning about Chinese customs |
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Definition
| In the 400's AD Japan learned about China from Korean travelers. Early 600's the Japanese prince sent ambassadors to China to study its culture |
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| Parts of Chinas culture that Japanese added |
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Definition
| Buddhism, system of writing, landscape painting, cooking, gardening, drinking tea, hairdressing styles |
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| Emperor, family, government officials and servents lived and worked together. Tales of the Genji is a book about this. |
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Definition
| Emperor, family, government officials and servents lived and worked together. Tales of the Genji is a book about this. |
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| Why the emperor and the Fujiwara family couldn't keep law and order in Japan |
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Definition
| Nobles had their own armies that attacked the armies of other nobles, as well as farmers and travelers; also, pirates attacked ships at sea; this disorder was the beginning of the feudal system |
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| Began when disorder occurred in Japan; farmers and small landowners got their safety by seeking protection from the nobles who owned a lot of land |
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Soldiers loyal to one noble
5 qualities of samurai: courage, fairness, generosity, reverence for the gods, and preference for death over dishonor |
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| Code by which all samurai lived |
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new govt. created by emperor due to fighting among clans; shogun was like a military dictator;
shogun and emperor worked together |
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| Kingdoms of Southeast Asia |
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Definition
Indochina, a peninsula that is south of China and east of India.
Islands south of Peninsula that today are Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Phillippines |
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| Political Power in Southeast Asia |
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Definition
| Control of trade routes between Indian ocean and South China Sea |
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Term
| China sent traders to..... |
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Definition
| Southeast Asia and ruled parts of the Peninsula, especially Vietnam. Vietnamese adopted Buddhism and Chinese ideas about government, but not all Confucian ideas especially not the role of woman. |
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| the temple that the Khmer rulers built i honor of the Hindu god, Vishnu. |
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| Peninsula that extends in the Pacific Ocean from what is now Northeast China was ruled by the Han dynasty. Centralized Government, Buddhism, Confucianism, and writing. Then the Yi dynasty was established by scholar officials and military leaders. |
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Definition
| corn; most important crop in the Americas |
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| Change from hunting to agriculture occurred..... |
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Definition
| in Central Mexico and spread throughout the Americas |
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how people in Americas crossed from northeast Asia- Northwest Alaska. Exposed during the last ice age
Now called the Bering Strait |
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land between todays Central Mexico and Honduras
Olmec is the mother culture of Mesoamerica |
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| Important part of culture of meso americans. |
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| in Oaxaca Valley. Contained fertile soil so they built an Urban Center because of their wealth. They were traders, built step pyramids that served as platforms for their temples. Had a hieroglyphic writing system and calendar based on movement of the sun. Declined in 600 B.C. |
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| First civilization on Andes Mountains built plazas, pyramids, earthen mounds, stone carving, pottery. |
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Definition
Polytheistic, god carried burden of time, sacrifice,
government- independent city states ruled by God-king, cities were centers of trade and religion.
economy- grew maize, beans, squash, population growth because of food. Tikal- major trade and religious city.
Glyphs- represented words or syllables in writing |
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Definition
religion- polytheistic and offered human hears to sun gods so that sun woud rise each day.
Government-Emperor with absolute power. Motezuma II- wanted more prisoners to sacrifice.
Economy- Farming, built city of island that was a trading center. (Tenochtitlan)
Writing- one writing system for entire empire. |
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Term
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Definition
Religion- Polytheistic, primary god, sun god, king was a descendant of sun god.
Government- King was supreme ruler
Economy- Government controlled economy and controlled land.
Writing- One spoken but no written language. |
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