• Realists picked thesmes about work and labor either as heroic or civic virtue or as burdensome
• Impressionist's themes are about leisure activites
• Impressionist's were very interested and promoted the new changes in Paris
• Paris can be seen as kind of theater
• The artist is a dectective, a spy, and investigator

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Claude Monet

Impression: Sunrise

1872

Impressionism

• Supported by the people
• First Painting to be labeled as immpression
• Painting refelects the upheval, confusion, in the city itself. Society is in a state of flux.
• He is not depicting forms but rather how the light affects on forms.

Claude Monet

Rouen Cathedral: The Portal

1894

Impressionism

• 40 paintings done because Monet was upsest with light and color.
• Paint in tubes and paint brushes gives them more freedom with color. Black is almost eliminates from their pallet.

Claude Monet

Gare Saint-Lazare

1877

Impressionism

Gustave Caillebotte

Paris: A Rainy Day

1877

Impressionism

• Painting depicts the new building that spring have sprung up over paris

Camille Pissaro

La Place du Theatre Francaise

1898

Impressionism

• Quick brush stroke the creates a spotinaity

Berthe Morisot

Ville at the Seaside

1874

Impressionism

Pierre-Auguste

Le Moulin de la Galette

1876

Impressionism

• Mostly factory workers out to relax
• Shows the effect of lighting on the forms

Edouard Manet

A Bar at the Folies-Bergere

1882

Impressionism

• Are looking at her state of consiessness and the way she wishes she could talk to her customer.
• She is trapped
• Trappize to create a unsetalling feeling that you would have exsperienced in a bar
• She has a deeper sense of self. She is in thought and it creates a emotional involvement.

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Edgar Degas

Ballet Rehearsal

1874

Impressionism

• Carvaggio of impressionism
• Movement is mimiced by staircase and dancers
• Famous Coriographer. He only showed male coriographers
• He painted the painting from a photograph

Mary Cassatt

The Bath

1892

Impressionism

• Depicts very private moments, creates sentuality
• The painting shows a womens world. Where she belonged
• Child symbolizes goodness and purity
• Japanese woodcut influence the painting, an example is the perspective.

James Abbott McNeil Whistler

Nocture in Blue and Silver, Cremorne Lights

1872

Impressionism

Henri Toulouse-Lautrec

At the Moulin Rouge

1892-1895

Impressionism

• Shows uglyness of cafe life, thus ugly characters
• Painting is unbalanced, the same as the life was
• Very superficaial people, very impersonal life of a cafe

The Impressionist: Painters of Modern Life

• The record nature impresonally, without interpretation
• To oppose the Romanticist idea of art conveying emotion
• To capture visual impressions, not permant aspects of scenes or objects
• To oppose the stifling training of the art schools and the French Academy

• The subect matter was color, as it changes according to time or day or surrounding environment
• Light and the transformation it causes on surfaces and space

• Photography, which resulted in accidental views of people an places, often with asymmetrical compositions and no central focus
• Japanese woodblock prints influenced the interest in flat color areas, unusual spatial

Post-Impressionism was not a cohesive movement. It is merely the term used to describe various artists working at the end of the century whowere influenced by Impressionism but felt that the Impressionist style was too limiting. 

• A desire for permanence of form, as seen in the work of Cezanne and Seurat
• A desire to use color, line, and Pattern expressively and symobolically, as seen in the work of Van Gogh and Gauguin. This influenced 20th century styles such as Fauvism, Expressionism, and Surrealism

• Utilized the scientific color patches of the Impressionists to tiny dots of pure color laid side by side (to be mixed by the observer's eye) called Optical painting, Poitilism, Divisionism (The term Seurat preferred)
• Paited holiday scenes and festive Impreeionist subjects with monumental figuresreminiscent of Piero della Francesca

George Seurat

A Sunday on the La Grande Jatte

1884-1886

Post-Impressionism

• 3 dogs, 8 boats, 38 people and 1 monkey which could mean the women holding it is a prostitute

• Wanted to express emotion through his art
• He attached symobolic meanings to his colors.
• He used arbitrary color, not locally-true color, for emotional effect
• He is influenced by Impressionism and Japanese prints, done in brighter color

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Vincent van Gogh

The Night Cafe

1888

Post-Impressionism

• Use of color is expressive. 
• Flowers are the only sense of hope in the painting.

Vincent van Gogh

Starry Night

1889

Post-Impressionism

• He see death as a way of reaching the stars.
• Cyprus trees are symbolize death but most art historians believe that is what he saw outside the window.

• He chose to depict life in "backward" areas such as Brittany and Tahiti
• His style was influenced by Orental and Primitive art, and by Medieval European stained glass
• His exaggerated color was used decoratively and express emotion
• His forms were flat with masses simplified into patterns without perspective or chiaroscuro
• His line was rhythmic, decorative, and distorted for expressive purposes.

Paul Gauguin

The Vision after the Sermon

1888

Post-Impressionism

Paul Gauguin

Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?

1897

Post-Impressionism

• Regarded Form as all-important
• He classified all forms into three basic categories: the cone, the cylinder, and the sphere
• He constructed his forms using color alone
• He relied on the psychological effect of war colors (which appears to recede)
• He retained the Impressionist palette and technique of applying "color patches," but used them to construct rather than dissolve forms.
• Considered subject matter to be secondary to form.
• His subjects included still life, landscapes of his native Aix-en-Provence, human forms, and often portraits

Paul Cezanne

Mont Sainte-Victoire

1902-1904

Post-Impressionism

• Sense of permanance by useing geometric shapes.
• Uses blues to make it recede and warmer colors to bring it forward.
• Very little reference to human life.

Rebelled against the objectivity ofImpressionism and Realism, wanted to penetrate beyond the visible and "to clothe the idea in sensuous."

Pierre Puvis de Chavannes

Sacred Grove

1884

Symbolism

• Influenced by the writings of Sigmund Freud 

Gustave Moreau

Jupiter and Semele

ca. 1875

Symbolism

Henri Rousseau

Sleeping Gypsy

1897

Symbolism

• Creates unesayness of being vonerable
• Paintings are primative, reduced down to niave simple forms

Edvard Munch

The Scream

1893

Symbolism

Gustav Klimt

The Kiss

1907-1908

Symbolism

• Lavish use of gold.
• Very decorative, influenced by art newvo
• Destinction between male and female is made by shapes
• Creates question "Is she being forced to kiss"

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Käsebier

Blessed Art Thou among Women

1899

New Realism

Augustus Saint-Gaudens

Adams Memorial

Rock Creek Cemetery

1891

New-Realism

• Has timelessness to it.

Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux

Ugolino and His Children

1865-1867

New-Realism

• Influenced by Laocoon and His Sons (2nd century BC Greek sculpture), Broque style, Michelangelo

• The first sculptor of genius since Bernini, Rodin lais the foundations of modern sculpture with his exploration of new concepts of from and design.
• He used the human figure to personify various emotions and ideas
• He pioneered the use of the fragment or partial figure as a legitimate

From Michelangelo's Work

1. He learned technique as well as design concepts.
2. He derived many powerful subjects
3. He created figures that seemed to emerge from the material and express themselves.

Like the Impressionists

Auguste Rodin

Burghers of Calais

1884

New-Realism

• Story: King Edwards said if you sacrifice 6 people, I will not destroy the city. The men are walking to their death.
• Exagagerates arms, fingers, flace in order to show the internal turmoil they are feeling.

• A movement lauched in the early 1890s
• Like the symbolists they rejected the values of modern industrial society
• They sought new aesthetic forms that would retain a preindustrial sense of beauty, while also appering fresh and innovative
• Their inspiration came from nature, especially from organisms such as snake

William Morris

Green Dining Room

South Kensington Museum

1867

Arts and Crafts Movement

• Trying to rival the Rocco Style's influence on interior decorating.

Louis Comfort Tiffany

Lotus table lamp

1905

Arts and Crafts Movement

• The lamp is constructs of Favrile glass, mosaic, and bronze
• Favrile iridescent galss is a type of art glass patented in 1894 by tiffany.
• The iridescent effect of the glass was obtained by mixing different colors of glass together while hot.
• The trade name Favrile was derived from Old English word, fabrile, meaning handcrafted.

Antoni Gaudi

Casa Mila

Barcelona, Spain

1905-1907

Arts and Crafts Movement

• Has a rythem to it, not static

Reliquary guardian figure

Kota, Gabon

19th century

African Art

• Geometric form compose this artwork.

Nail figure

Kongo

ca. 1875-1900

African Art

Seated Couple

Dogon, Mali

ca. 1800-1850

African Art

• Furtility statue

Royal ancestral alter of Benin King Eweka II

Nigers

Photographed in 1970

• Camwood (redish color) symbolizes prosperity and health

"Beautiful Lady"

Dance mask

Senufi, Ivory Coast

Late 20th century

• Mask act outside of reality

Female mask

Mende, Sierra Leone

20th Century

Kuba King Kot a-Mbweeky III

Republic of Congo

1970

• Reinforce his power, wealth and status

Fauvism

(translation of fauvism is wild beast)

• Originated in Paris in 1905
• Its leading painters were Heri Matisse, Andre Derain, and Maurice de Vlaminck

• Oil painting was applied thickly to canvas with rough brush strokes

Design

• Totally liberated color. Freedom with color was carried further than ever before. Even faces could

Henri Matisse

Woman with the Hat

1905

Fauvism

Henri Matisse

Red Room

1908-1909

Fauvism

German Expressionism

Die Brucke (the bridge) They thought of themselves as paving the way for more perfect age by bridging the old and new.

• Used abstract forms and color to communicate more complicated emotional and spiritual states
• Violent expression of human emotion
• Subject

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

Street

Dresden, 1907

German Expressionism

Emil Nolde

Saint Mary of Egypt among Sinners

1912

German Expressionism

• color used for emotion
• Depicts the story of a prostitue who after seeing the Madonna changed her life and lived as a hermit.

Vassily Kandinsky

Improvisation 28 (second version)

1912

German Expressionism

• Was training to become a lawyer but feel for painting and followed it instead.

Franz Marc

Fate of the Animals

1913

German Expressionism

• He uses animals because he became disgusted with mankind and the war.
• Blue was mascuine (strength)

• Human figures and heads
• Still life
• Subjects pertaining to cafe life: musical instruments, per

Picasso

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

1907

Cubism

• Has eliminated perspective
• Many angles are shown at once

Georges Braque

The Portugese

1911

Analytic Cubism

Picasso

Still Life with Chair-Caning

1912

Synthetic Cubism

Marcel Duchamp

Nude Descending a Stairway, No.2

1912

avant-garde

Fernand Leger

The City

1919

Purism

• Clean lines. Is not as fractured as Picasso and other Guy

• Their paintings glorified industrialization, the machine, speed, and war
• Futurists wanted museums torn down
• Vibrant colors using Divisionist techniques and shattered forms from Cubism.

Giacomo Balla

Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash

1912

Futurism

• Speed was a symbolic reference to WHAT?

Umberto Boccioni

Unique Forms of Continuity in Space

1913

Futurism

• Speed and force are placed in a sculptural form
• Creates a sense of power
• Seems as thought the sculpture is gliding forward

Gino Serverini

Armored Train

1915

Futurism

• War is depicted as clean unlike Goya's "Third of May"

• Dada began in Zurich in 1915 and spread to New York, Cologne, Paris, and elsewhere

Purposes

• To protest against WWI and the society that produced it
• To make meaningless art to reflect the lack of meaning is modern society
• To be against everything

Jean Arp

Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance

1916-1917

Dada

• He threw painted paper on the floor and slightly effected them to form art.

Marcel Duchamp

Fountain

1917

Dada

• Makes you look at the astetic qualities
• Art as more to do with the artists intentions
• He was disgusted by the art sellers. He want to place the art back in the artists hands

Hannah Hoch

Cut with the Kitchen Knife

1919-1920

Dada

Marsden Hartly

Portrait of a German Officer

1914

Cubism

• The painting depicts to funeral of a German Officer
• Number 24 was his age
• Number 4 was his regament
• The cross was the Iron Cross given for bravery

Charles Demuth

My Egypt

1927

Precisionism

• Very clean, steral like a tomb
• Imbraced advancement of American technology

Alfred Stieglitz

The Steerage

1907

N/A

Edwar Weston

Nude

1925

N/A

Pablo Picasso

Guernica

1937

Cubism

• Very analytical cubism, sharp edges to symbolize terror

Max Beckman

NIght

1918-1919

New Objectivity

• The candle knocked over symbolizes the loss of hope
• The painting was a reaction against cubism

Otto Dix

Der Krieg (The War)

1929-1932

New Objectivity

• Hitler placed it in an art show of degenerate art
• Painting lacks any hope

• To explore the unconscious
• To liberate art from reason
• To depict the imagery of dreams

Techniques

• Automatic painting-involved allowing the brush to move without direction from the conscious mind

Giorggio De Chirico

Melancholy and Mystery of a Street

1914

Surrealism

Max Ernst

Two Children ane Threatened by a Nightingale

1924

Surrealism

• Painting has no defined correlation between what it contains and it's title

Salvador Dali

The persistence of Memory

1931

Surrealism

• Influenced by Vermieer
• Got idea for painting when he look at some cheese melt and thus he made everthing melt
• Landscape his from his home in Spain, Catalonia

Rene Magritte

The Teachery of Images

1928-1929

Surrealism

• This is an attemp to make people challenge the idea that it is not a pipe but rather a picture of a pipe

Meret Oppenheim

Le Dejeuner en fourrure

1936

Surrealism

• Pablo Picaso gave her the idea to cover anything in fur because she had made her jewelry the same way

Joan Miro

Painting

1933

Surrealism

• Miro uses any real object and bring them into an abstract mode
• You are ment to be unable to identify any of the object

Paul Klee

Twittering Machine

1922

Surrealism

• This painting was called "Hand Painted Dream Photographs"

Kazimir Malevich

Suprematist Composition: Airplane Flying

1915

Suprematism

Piet Mondrian

Composition of Red, Blue and Yellow

1930

De Stijl

• Reduced his artistic vocabulary to primary colors and primary directions (Horizontal and Vertical)

Constantin Brancusi

Bird in Space

1924

Abstract

Barbara Hepworth

Oval Sculpture

1943

Abstract

Alexander Calder

Lobster Trap and Fish Tail

1939

Abstract

Dorothea Lange

Migrant Mother

1935

Realism

Edward Hopper

Nighthawks

1942

Realism

Jacob Lawrence

No. 49 from The Migration of the Negro

1940-1941

Harlem Renaissance

Grant Wood

American Gothic

1930

Regionalism

• Began in England in the mid-1950s
• Flourished in the United States during the 1960s

Purposes

• To reflect our indifference to familiar objects of everyday life and popular culture
• To depict these objects with cool acceptance, not satire. (however, Pop sculpture often has a sculp

Rishard Hamilton

Just What Is It That Makes Today's Home So Different, So Appealing?

1956

Pop Art

• Modern day Adam and Eve surrounded by the objects that they would have in the garden of Eden

Jasper Johns

Flag

1954

Pop Art

• He removes himself except for his technique by using an object we already know
• Style is encostict- the use of wax and paint
• Is it a depiction of a flag or a flag?

Robert Rauschenberg

Canyon

1959

Pop Art

• His insperation comes from zen budisum

Roy Lichtenstein

Hopeless

1963

Pop Art

• Technique used is ben-day dots

Andy Warhol

Marilyn Diptych

1962

Pop Art

• Technique used is silk screen
• He thinks of her as a saint

Claes Oldenburg

various works exhibited at the Green Gallery

New York

1962

Pop Art

Audrey Flack

Marilyn

1977

Superrealism

Chuck Close

Big Self-Portrait

1967-1968

Superrealism

• He wants nothing more than to depict what he sees

Duane Hanson

Supermarket Shopper

1970

Superrealism

Judv Chicago

The Dinner Party

1979

Feminist Art

• Thirten plates on each side makes reference to the Last Supper, A Witches Convent

Cindy Sherman

Untitles Film Still #35

1979

Feminist Art

Ana Mendieta

Flower on Bodv.

1973

Feminist Art

Faith Ringgold

Who's Afraid of Aunt Jemima?

1983

Feminist Art

Jeff Koons

Pink Panther

1988

Political Art

Mark Tansey

A short History of Modernist Painting

1982

Political Art

Chris Ofili

The Holy Virgin Mary

1996

Political Art

• Made from elephant dung which represented furtility in Africa

Le Corbusier

Notre-Dame-du-Haut

Ronchamp, France

1950-1955

Post Modern

Judwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson

Segram Building

New York

1956-1958

Postmodernism

Gunter Behnisch

Hysolar Institute

University of Stuttgart, Germany

Frank Gehry

Guggenheim Bilbao

Spain

1997

Deconstructivism

David Em

Nora

1979

New Media

Frida Kahlo

The Two Fridas

1939

Surrealism

Frank Lloyd Wright

Falling Waters

1936-39

Naturalism

Alberto Giacometti

Man Pointing

1947

Abstract Expressionism

Jackson Pollock

Number I (Lavender Mist)

1950

Abstract Expressionism

Mark Rothko

No.14

1960

Abstract Expressionism

David Smith

Cubi XIX

1964

Abstract Expressionism

[image]

Rober Smithson

Spiral Jetty

1970

Deconstruction

• Conceptual
• Challenges notion of where art be shown.
• Does not want it maintained to show deconstruction and decay.

Nam June Paik

Global Groove

1973