Term
|
Definition
tumor suppressor gene
loss of fucntion: cell-cell/cell-matrix integrity compromised
associated with colon and stomach cancers |
|
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Term
|
Definition
complex with Cdc20
ubiquitinates securin and mitotic cyclin during late anaphase |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Myc gene family: c-myc, L-myc, N-myc
Myc TFs control expression of genes required for proliferation
Neuroblastoma N-Myc
stages 1 and 2 have limited amplification
stages 3 and 4 have significant amplification
Stage 4S = spontaneous regression |
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Term
|
Definition
binding protein for actin
help actin filaments to branch
defective in Wiscott-Adrich syndrome |
|
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Term
|
Definition
contained in chromosome passenger complex
phosphorylates components of kinetochore destabilizing MTs
only active up to anaphase onset
allows chromosomes to detach from unfavorable MT attahcments |
|
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Term
|
Definition
stage of metastasis formation
small, occult tumor of 1 mm^3
steady state of proliferation and apoptosis "balance" |
|
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Term
|
Definition
anti-apoptosis molecules/genes
upregulated in lymphomase |
|
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Term
|
Definition
p21, p27, p15
function to inhibit cell division when there is DNA damage or growth inhibitory signals
(not produced under normal cell conditions) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Activated by cleavage at aspartic acid residues
Activated by adaptor proteins that bring together multiple copies of specific procaspases, form complex/aggregate
Cleave nuclear lamina or proteins holding DNA degrading enzymes |
|
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Term
|
Definition
removes phospharyl group from Cdh1
allows Cdh1 to complex with APC to ubiquitinate mitotic cyclin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bound to Mad2 on kinetochore of unbound chromosomes during metaphase
freed when all chromosomes are properly attached
activates APC when free |
|
|
Term
| Cdk inhibitory proteins (CIPs) |
|
Definition
i.e. p27, p21
bind to cylin-cdk complexes and inhibit protein kinase activity
or bind to cdk and prevent association with cylins
mutations are linked to uncontrolled cell proliferation |
|
|
Term
| Cell-Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) |
|
Definition
signal cell not to proliferation
alteration can signal cell to proliferate, associated with cancer |
|
|
Term
| Combind Pituitary Hormone Deficiency |
|
Definition
| caused by mutation in LHX3 |
|
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Term
|
Definition
long telomeres (we don't)
telomerase (we don't)
sarcomas/leukemias common (carcinomas for us)
therapies work (but not in us) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
caused by mutations in PTEN
hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome
results in overactive receptors that upregulate proliferation and cell survival |
|
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Term
|
Definition
tumor suppressor gene
loss of function: SMAD4 of B-TGF signaling compromised
results in increased cell proliferation
deletion associated with pancreatic cancer |
|
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Term
|
Definition
responsible for anti-growth signal and adherence signal
expressed on all endothelial cells
loss of function leads to growth and spread of cancer (loss of function mutation, repress transcription, proteolyze)
overexpression --> tumor, but not spread (metastasize) because adhere to each other |
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Term
|
Definition
growth factor receptors
over-expression is associated with stomach, brain, and breast cancers |
|
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Term
|
Definition
cell surface death receptor
loss of expression can cause survival mode for tumor |
|
|
Term
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) |
|
Definition
S/S: metal retardation, abnormal facial features, CNS problems, hyperactive behavior, irritable, small head, short eye openings
alcohol can cross placental barrier
tosic effect on ectodermal and mesodermal cells (particularly dentofacial precursors)
apoptosis, interfere with NTs and retinoic acid synthesis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
endothelial cell receptor for VEGF
stimulation causes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
growth factor receptor
mutation in can result in constitutive activation which is associated with leukemias |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
can be incorporated into EGF to inhibit EGF-receptor overactive signaling in cancers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used to treat CML, glioblastomas and NF1
targets: c-Abl, PDGF-B, c-Kit
inhibits leukemia cell survival and growth, very specific, limited toxicity
glioblastomas: combine wtih hydroxyurea, inhibits PDGF receptor signaling, thereby inhibits tumor
NF: reduce FDG-PET uptake in plexiform neurofibromas, reduces volume of DRG, increases amout of tunnel (+) cells and decreases mast cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
member of Gli family, regulated by SHh
expressed in limb bud
activation form in posterior (pinky), high [SHh]
respressor form in anterior (thumb), low [SHh] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
growth factor receptor
over-expression associated with stomach and mammary cancers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
group of related genes that control the body plan of the embryo along the anterior-posterior (head-tail) axis
proteins (transcripted from genes) determine the type of segment structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
located in a cluster on chromosome 2
deletion/mutation of this gene results in altered growth and branches patterns of synpolydactyly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cells in culture have a finite replicative potential
progress through a certain number of doublings and stop growing (senescence)
during tumor progression, tumor cells must eventually overcome this replicative limit to continue growing |
|
|
Term
| Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) |
|
Definition
TF substance secreted by [tumor] cells when they aren't receiving enough oxygen
heterodimer composed of an alpha and a beta subunit
induces same cell to secrete VEGF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
proto-oncogene product
when on, recruits and activates proteins necessary for the propagation of growth factor
associated with lung and colorectal cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
microtuble motor protein
active during mitosis
pushes chromosomes toward MT (+) end and elongates MT
helps to line up chromosomes at metaphase plate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
TF regulates development of anterior pituitary
binds DNA with homeodomain
tissue restricted (pituitary and nervous system expression)
expressed in Rathke's poutch (developing pituitary)
responsible for production of GH, TSH, PRL, LH, FSH
mutation: short stature, hypoplastic/enlarged (nonfunctional) pituitary, RIGID CERVICAL SPINE (tx: recomb GH) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
person is born with defective p53 allele
DNA damage or oxygen deprivation normally triggers p53, but not as effective is these individuals
50% of ppl with develop tumor by age 50 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
microtubule binding protein
abundant in neurons
responsible for stable MTs in axons and dendrites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
matrix metalloproteinase
found in inflammatory cells (mast cells, monocytes, and macrophages)
knock-out --> no tumor development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rise in MT turnover
unstable, shroter, lots
kinases are active that activate stathmin and other destabilizers
MT stabilizers are inactive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
assemble on kinetochores of unbound chromosome during metaphase
creases closed conformation that keep Cdc20 bound
bound Cdc20/Mad2 cannot signal APC activation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
complex formed when all chromosomes are properly attached to MTs in metaphase
this frees Cdc20 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ubiquitin ligase
targets p53 for degradation if/when DNA damage is fixed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tumor suppressor gene
codes for Ras-GAP
deletion associated with neurofibromas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nerve cell receptor that is an extracellular sensor for apotosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
very common autosomal dominant disorder
cutaneous neurofibromas (95%) - welts on skin, non-lethal
plexiform neurofibroma (15-40%) - cause growth of tumor on spinal nerves, potentially lethal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cell-cell interaction signal pathway
more active in caudal (hind region)
delta binds adjacent cell notch
notch cleaved by membrane bound Adam 10
realses cytosolic portion of notch
notch translocates to nucleus and activates gene expression
Mesp2 gene expression increases
(-) feedback on notch
activates EphA4 which defines border of somites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
platelet-derived growth factor
tyrosine kinase receptors, subunits A and B are important for cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell growth, and development
increased stimulation is associated with glioblastomas
(Also an extracellular sensor of apotosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tumor suppressor gene
phosphatase that normally inactivates growth factor receptors
loss of function is associated with colon and prostate cancers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gene associated with eye defects
loss of function leads to reduced or absent eye structures
master control gene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
TF that regulates development of anterior pituitary gland
binds DNA as dimer using homeodomains
activates: GH, PRL, TSH-beta genes
tissues specific (only in pituitary)
mutatiosn: dwarfism (tx: recomb GH), absence of GH, PRL, and TSH |
|
|
Term
| Point mutation --> cancer |
|
Definition
Ras
causes Ras GTPase activity to be impaired
means that Ras is active longer
continues to activate Raf
results in cell proliferation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
growth factors/receptors (i.e. erb-B2)
stimulatory signaling proteins (i.e. Ki-ras, c-abl)
TFs for growth promoting genes (i.e. N-myc)
other (i.e. Bcl-2, Bcl-1, Mdm2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
involved in signal transduction for growth stimulation
alteration of are common in colon carcinomas (50%)
release mitogen or survival signals without ongoing stimulation by normal upstream regulators |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits transcription of E2F
E2F controls expression of genes whose products are required for DNA synthesis and cell proliferation |
|
|
Term
| Schwann cells - neurofibromatosis |
|
Definition
| NF-/- screte Kit ligand that preferentially recruites +/- mast cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
microtuble binding protein
abundant in neurons
responsible for stable MTs in axons and dendrites
maintains contact between subunits and protofilaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anti-mitotic cancer drug
binds tubulin subunits and stabilizes MTs during mitosis (instability needed)
chemotherapy for breast, ovarian, and small cell lung cancers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CML - Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
bcr-able fusion gene
(c-abl = nuclear tyrosine kinase with negative regulatory SH3 domain)
bcr-abl = cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase without SH3 inhibitor domain
high platelets and granulocyes (neutrophils, basophils, BLASTS)
Tx: Gleevac, inhibits bcr-able kinase activity |
|
|
Term
| Vascular Endothelial cell Growth Factor (VEGF) |
|
Definition
triggered by HIF
stimulates vasculogenesis and angiogenesis
detected by receptor Flk1
overproduced by most tumor cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stage of metastasis formation
induction of agniogenic swithc
few tumors reach this stage
risk of spread
metastases will be the cause of death if occur
most spread to lung and liver (brain, breast, heart) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bind β-tubulin at free ends of MTs
Inhibits elongation of MTs
Chemotherapy for leukemia, lymphoma, breast and lung cancers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phosphorylates CDK at Tyr-15 and inactivates |
|
|
Term
| Zone of Polarizing Activity (ZPA) |
|
Definition
at posterior margin of limb (pinky)
expresses SHh which induces Fgf4
controls expression of SHh in limb bud which controls Gli3 --> coordination of specific type and number of digits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cell-cell junction
cadherins, catenins, actin
Ca2+ dependent adhesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
new vessel formation via remodeling of pre-existing vessels and migration, proliferation, and maturation of endothelial cells
normaly tightly regulated, vessels rapidly mature and stabilize, turnover of endothelial cells is years, pericytes intact |
|
|
Term
| angiogenesis - tumor differences |
|
Definition
loss of balance of pro- and anti-factors
wounds that never heal
constant growth of vessels
endothelial cells turnover in days/weeks
irregular shaped, dilated, and tortuous vessels
loosely attached pericytes |
|
|
Term
angiogenic switch
angiogenic balance |
|
Definition
tumor needs new vessels to grow for it to progress and propagate
need for O2, nutrient supply, and waste removal
rate-limiting step in tumor progression
max dist. to vessel = 100um |
|
|
Term
| aptical ectodermal ridge (AER) |
|
Definition
induce to form by Fgf8
forms at interface or dorsal-ventral axis (knucles to palm)
expresses Fgf10 along anterior-posterior axis (head to tail) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
radiate away from the spindle pores toward cell cortex
involved in positioning the spindle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
radiate away from spindle poles toward cell cortex
involved in positioning spindle pole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tied to over activation of sonic hedgehog pathway via activating mutations of smoothened |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| special layer of ECM underlying epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
proto-oncogene product
encodes a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein tyrosine kinase
implicated in processes of cell differentiation, cell division, cell adhesion, and stress response
associated with myelogenous leukemias |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
growth factor receptor
mutation of can results in constitutive activation which is associated with stomach cancer, myeloid leukemia, and mast cell overgrowth (like in NF) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
product of proto-oncogene
TF that activates many genes and has direct role in DNA replication
associated with many cancers (Burkitts, lung, cervix, breast, stomach) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
detect DNA damage and activate repair machinery
directly repair DNA damage
inactivate or intercept mutagenic molecules before they damage DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
M arrest - improper spindle formation
G1 arrest - DNA damage
S arrest - unreplicated DNA
G2 arrest - DNA damage |
|
|
Term
| cdk-activating kinase (CAK) |
|
Definition
| phosphorylates Cdk at Thr-161 and activates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unprotected (no telomerase activity) chromosomal ends participate in end-to-end fusion
yields karyotypic disarray and cell death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
binding protein for actin
breaks up filaments near (-) ends, where ATP has already been hydrolyzed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
structures during mitosis
link sister chromatids like a clamp until anaphase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
correspondence of arrangement of genes with their expression pattern
i.e. Hox-4 near head and Hox-13 near tips (tail, finger, hair) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
development from Rathke's pouch involves T-PIT or LHX3 and PROP1
produces ACTH, effect adrenal cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cell-cell junction
desmogelin, desmocolon, plakoglobin, IFs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| i.e. myoblast, can only form all different types of muscle cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| only develop that one type of cell from then on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
family of microtubule motor proteins
moves toward (-) end
stem binds to A tubule and is fixed
stalk binds to B tubule and slides along powered by ATP hydrolysis
Kartagener's is due to loss of function (situs invertus seen) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
moves chromosome toward (-) end (toward opposite pole)
helps to line up chromosomes at metaphase plate
also pulls on astral MTs to increase separation of poles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
actin organizing protein
links F-actin to membrane proteins
increased in muscle cells
DMD has defect, problem with link actin cytoskeleton to ECM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| epiblast cells that do not migrate through streak |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
first epiblast cells to migrate under primitive streak
enter the hypoblast layer |
|
|
Term
| epithelial-mesnchymal transition (EMT) |
|
Definition
loss of characteristics of epithelial cells (driven by growth factors)
i.e. cytokertain (IF) expression, adhereins in junction protein (E-cadherin), cell polarity
acquire fibroblast characteristics |
|
|
Term
| fibroblast characteristics gained in EMT |
|
Definition
fibroblast-like shape
motility
invasiveness
mesenchymal gene expresion
different adherins (i.e. N-cadherin)
protease secretion (MMP-2, MMP-9)
vimentin (IF) expression
fibronectin secretion
PDGF receptor expression
avB6 integrin expression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
constituent of CT
bound by integrins on cell surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
actin organizing protein
binds two actin filaments, but long and flexible
forms meshwork of F-actin
cell cortex
defect results in failure of cells to migrate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
actin organizing protein
binds two actin filaments very close
creates bundles of F-actin
microvilli and filopodia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cell-matrix junction
integrins, a-actin, vinculin, talin, actin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| embryonic period in which 3 germ layers are established and remodeled to give rise to the basic adult body plan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sometimes associated with over activity of sonic hedgehog pathway due to amplified amounts of Gli gene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
development from Rathke's pouch involves LHX3, (PROP1), SF1
produce LH and FSH, effect ovaries/testes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
type of induction signaling in embryogenesis
cell releases chemical and the closer other cells are to that signal release point, the more of that signal they detect
longer range, same signal transmitted but at different concentrations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
evade apoptosis
self-sufficiency in growth signals
insensitive to anti-growth signals
tissue invasion and metastasis
limitless replication potential
sustained angiogenesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cell-matrix junction
integrin a6B4, plectin plaque, keratin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of TF-encoding gene that specifically encodes homeodomain part of the TF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
type of TF
60 AA protein structural domain that is used for DNA binding
consists of 3 helixes, 3 helix is specificity factor
bind DNA with helix-turn-helix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| replacement of one body part by another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genes encoding TFs realated to homeotic changes |
|
|
Term
| inhitory-angiogenic factors |
|
Definition
thrombospondin-1
statins: angiostatin, endostatin, canstatin, tumstatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
family of microtubule motor proteins
move to (+) end, usually
basically walks across microtuble filament
structurally related to myosin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
microtubule binding protein
destabilizes MTs using ATP hydrolysis to rip apart protofilaments, fraying |
|
|
Term
| kinesin-13 - role in mitosis |
|
Definition
depolymerizes MT ahead of chromosome
causes shrinkage to move chromosomes from opposite pole toward middle
helps to line up chromosomes at metaphase plate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pulls on polar MTs to stretch cell poles apart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
interact with chromosomes at the kinetochore
move chromosomes during anaphase |
|
|
Term
| kinetochore MTs (mitosis) |
|
Definition
interact with chromosomes at the kinetochore
move chromosomes during anaphase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
development from Rathke's pouch involves LHX3, PROP1, and PIT1
produces PRL, effect mammary glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
primary component of basal lamina
can interact simulataneously with ECM and integrins on cell surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
basal layer = 5, 14
suprabasal = 1, 10
superficial = 2 |
|
|
Term
| mast cells - neurofibromatosis |
|
Definition
increased number
contain a lot of growth factors that can promote tumor growth
contain granules that can alter ECM of tumor cells and allow tumor spread
NF1 +/1 mast cell move faster than wild types in response to c-Kit |
|
|
Term
| matrix metalloproteinases |
|
Definition
family of Zn-dependent endotpeptidases, synthesized in inactive form
normal: wound repair
cancer: degrade microenvironments of tumors
results in cancer growing, expanding, migrating, invading and succeding in angiogenesis
not suitable cancer target b/c we need for wound repair |
|
|
Term
| maturation promooting factor (MPF) |
|
Definition
facilitates maturation of oocytes and mitosis
condtains Cdks and cylcins
high activity during Meiosis I, Meiosis II metaphase arrest, first embryonic mitosis and second embryonic mitosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| second round of epiblast cells to migrate under streak |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| snail, slug, twist, zeb1/2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hMSH2, 3, 6
hMLH1
hPMS1 and 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
things that are secreted and lead to morphogenesis in target tissues
ex: hedgehog, FGFs, TGF-B, WNTs, retinoic acid
effect size and shape, not number |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developmental process that leads to characteristic size and shape of tissue or organs that make up one organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| i.e. cell is mesodermal precursor cell (can only form different types of mesoderm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
primarily composed of benign Schwann cell tumors around peripheral nerve sheaths
contain also fibroblasts, perineural cells and mast cells |
|
|
Term
| new concepts of cancerous changes |
|
Definition
deregulating cellular engergetics
avoiding immune destruction
genome instability and mutation
tumor-promoting inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
microtubule organizing protein
located between doublets in center of axoneme
helps resists sliding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tumor suppressor gene
bind DNA as tetramer (dominant negative effects)
(one defective copy in Li-Fraumeni)
DNA damage or oxygen deprivation triggers p53, activates and increases half-life
p53 causes production of p21 (CDK inhibitor)
arrests DNA replication until damage is fixed
p53 induces expression of Mdm2 which degrades p53 if/when DNA damage is fixed
if DNA not fixed, p53 induces apoptosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dephosphorylates Cdk at Tyr-15 and activates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
arise from multipole nerve bundles and tend to grow along length of nerve
can transform into malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can form most tissues, but not all |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
interact with MTs from opposite pole
help hold spindle together and control spacing between poles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
interact with MTs from opposite pole
help hold spindles together and control the spacing between poles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
characteristic of terminally differentiated cells in interphase
non-motile, lack center doublet with nexin
sensory or signaling functionality
PCKD is associated with primary ciliary losing signaling functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
binding protein for actin
regenerates ATP monomers which add rapidly to (+) end |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
type of induction signaling in embryogenesis
cells signals one next to it, then that one goes to cell next to it
short range, different signals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small signaling molecule
acts as morphogen and activates HOX genes
can be teratogen (NTDs, cleft palate, heart, thymus)
receptors are nuclear receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nuclear receptors
repress gene transcription when not ligand-bound
interact with HOX gene enchancers when ligand-bound
act as heterodimer with RXR on retinoic acid response elements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
present by day 29, transiently divided segment of the developing neural tube
area that will eventually become the rhombencephalon which forms the hindbrain in vertebrates
correlate with patterns of neuronal development
lineage restricted compartments
final parts are defined as the pons, cerebellum and medulla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits separase
ubiquitinated by APC-Cdc20 complex (marks anaphase start) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of accumulative changes to molecular and cellular structure that disrupts metabolism with the passage of time, resulting in deterioration and death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibited by securin
when freed from inhibition, marks anaphase start
active: cleaves cohesions from sister chromatids (can now separate in anaphase) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
development from Rathke's pouch involves LHX3, PROP1, PIT-1
produce GH, effect bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bilaterally paired blocks of mesoderm that lie beside neural tube
located in the trunk
form the paraxial mesoderm, axial skeleton, and muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
actin organizing protein
links F-actin and membrane proteins
forms network underneath plasma membrane
mutation is seen in Hereditary Spherocytosis, structural integrity loss, RBCs are spherical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
microtubule binding protein
destabilizes MTs by stabilizing curved conformation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
enzyme that lengthens telomeres
prevents too much shortening that would hinder replication after successive loss of telomeres
turned off in most adult cells
commonly found "on" in malignant cells (85-90%) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
changes in these are thought to cause the senescence in replication potential
composed of lots of repeats of short, 6-base-pair sequence
replicative generations each loss 50-100 bases
shortening makes it harder for DNA polymerases to completer replication of 3' end of chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
binding protein for actin
helps maintain high local concentration of monomers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
development from Rathke's pouch requires no involvement of TFs or LHX3, PROP1 and PIT1
produces TSH, effect thyroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cell-cell junction
occludin, ZO-1, actin |
|
|
Term
| tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can develop into any type of cell |
|
|
Term
| tumor suppressor genes (nuclear) |
|
Definition
TFs: WTI, BRCA1, p53
TRs: RB, VHL
CCRs: MTS1 |
|
|
Term
| tumor-promoting inflammation |
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Definition
| supply bioactive molecules: GFs, survival factors, proangiogenic factors, ECM and basal lamina degrading proteases, release of other chemicals |
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Term
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Definition
| new vessel formation via endothelial cells derived de novo from angioblast precursors during embryogenesis from circulating endothelial progenitor cells |
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