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| most famous preacher of the Second Great Awakening; meetings were designed to revive religious feelings in the 1820s and 1830s |
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| the religious movement during the 1820s and 1830s, ending with twice as many Americans attending church than the birth of the country |
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| from 1830-60; atempts to reshape American society; started from the Second Great Awakening |
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| reduce the use of alcoholic beverages |
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| first Secretary of Education in Massachusetts; created foundation for today's educational system; proposed/built "normal" schools to train/educate teachers; proposed compulsory attendance |
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| human rights activist for humane treatment in prisons; built first asylum for the mentally ill |
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| transcendentalist movement |
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| belief that knowledge is not only by observation of the world, but also through reason, intuition, and personal spiritual experiences |
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| leading transcendentalist; gave sermons and lectures and wrote essays and poems to convince people to be self-reliant and trust their intuition |
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| another major transcendentalist; believed in the power of self-reliance and individual thought |
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| creation of new communities free of social ills; more than 90 communities failed, but nearly all failed (except the Shakers, a Christian sect that established communities in the late 1700s) |
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| caused by the potato famine, the death of about 1 million Irish in the time period 1845-50 |
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| push-pull model of immigration |
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| factors that cause people to leave their homeland and cause people to move to a particular country |
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| opposition of immigration |
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| a secret anti-immigrant group |
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| poorly made, crowded apartment buildings lacking adequate light, ventilation, and sanitation |
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| Americans who worked in facotires |
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| Americans who worked in factories |
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| efforts by workers to improve their situation |
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| exgtended the 10-hour workday rule to others in 1840 |
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| a movement to keep women in the home environment |
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| groups that were organized to promote social reforms |
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| ran a school for women, the Hartford Female Seminary, in Massachusetts; later opened the Western Female Insititue in Cincinnati, OH; tried to send teachers out West to educate frontier children |
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| held in July in 1848 in Seneca Falls, NY; first women's rights convention; issued a Declaration of Sentiments |
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| helped to organize the Seneca Falls Convention with Lucretia Mott |
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| made speeches against slavery; organized Seneca Falls Convention with Elizabeth Stanton; fought for social justice and women's equality |
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| African Americans who weren't slaves |
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| led the deadliest slave revolt in American history; at least 120 slaves followers were killed, along with dozens of white people |
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| constantly changing network of escape routes developed to free slaves |
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| the most famous worker of the Underground Railroad; escaped slavery herself, and helped many others to escape |
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| a campaign to end slavery in the North |
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| one of the most outspoken abolitionists; a Philadelphia journalists |
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| supported women's rights; spoke at the Seneca Falls Convention; escaped slavery |
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