Term
| What is the mechanism of action for a beta blocker also called a beta-adrenergic blocker? |
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Definition
| slow down heart rate, decrease O2 demand; used for hypertension |
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Term
| What are the side effects of taking beta blockers? |
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Definition
| hypotension,hypertension,dizziness,bradycardia,bronchoconstriction, depression, nightmares, sexual dysfunction, insomnia |
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Term
| What drugs are prescribed as beta blockers? |
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Definition
| metoprolol (Lopressor), propranolol (Inderal) |
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Term
| What client teachings/nursing interventions are involved with clients taking beta blockers? |
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Definition
| compliance important, can cause rebound HTN if stopped abruptly, monitor VS, esp pulse, monitor renal and liver labs, possible hypoglycemia (caution with diabetics), move slowly, watch selective and non-selective efffects, not effective for single therapy for Af Americans |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action for a calcium channel blocker? |
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Definition
| restores rhythm; used for HTN, angina, dysrhythmias |
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Term
| What are the side effects of taking calcium channel blockers? |
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Definition
| HA, dizziness, hypotension, constipation |
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Term
| What drugs are prescribed as calcium channel blockers? |
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Definition
| verapamil (Calan SR, Isoptin SR) |
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Term
| What client teachings/nursing interventions are involved with clients on calcium channel blockers? |
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Definition
| SR (slow release) drugs are not to be crushed or chewed, monitor for ortho hypotension, instruct client on safety, rebound hypertension if discontinued abruptly |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action for an alpha or alpha-adrenergic blocker? |
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Definition
| decrease HR, maintains renal blood flow; used for HTN in patients with lipid abnormalities |
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Term
| What are the side effects of taking alpha blockers? |
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Definition
| diziness, light-headedness, drowsiness, especially when drug is first taken, impotence |
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Term
| What drugs are prescribed as alpha blockers? |
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Definition
| doxazosin (Cardura), prazosin (Minipress), doxazosin (Hytrin) |
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Term
| What client teachings/nursing interventions are involved with clients taking alpha blockers? |
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Definition
| monitor for rebound HTN (with abrupt discontinuation), does not cause hypoglycemia, monitor patient safety (ortho hypotension), ck daily for fluid retention in extremities (Prazosin causes NA & H2O retention) |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action for an ACE inhibitor? |
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Definition
| inhibits the formation of angiotensin II- a potent vasoconstrictor;blocks release of aldosterone therefore increasing BP; used for HTN and CHF |
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Term
| What are the side effects of taking ACE inhibitors? |
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Definition
| dry cough, ortho hypotension, dizziness, hyperkalemia |
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Term
| What drugs are prescribed as ACE inhibitors? |
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Definition
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Term
| What client teachings/nursing interventions are involved with clients taking ACE inhibitors? |
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Definition
| change positions slowly, monitor K level if taken with K sparing diuretics, watch for hypoglycemia in diabetics |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action for a direct-acting arteriolar vasodilating antihypertensive? |
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Definition
| potent vasodilator; rapidly decreases BP; used for HTN crisis |
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Term
| What are the side effects of taking a direct-acting arteriolar vasodilator? |
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Definition
| reflex tachycardia, palpitations, restlessness, agitation, confusion, hyperglycemia, peripheral edema, nasal congestion |
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Term
| What drugs are prescribed as direct-acting arteriolar vasodilators? |
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Definition
| nitroprusside, diazoxide (Hyperstat) |
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Term
| What clietn teachings/nursing interventions are involved with clients taking direct-acting arteriolar vasodilators? |
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Definition
| monitor for edema, palpitations, increase in HR, HA |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action for an antianginal? |
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Definition
| re-establish contractions, decrease BP & HR, vasodilator; used to control angina pectoris by decreasing myocardial demand for O2, decrease preload by dilating veins, thus decreasing afterload as well |
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Term
| What are the side effects of taking antianginals? |
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Definition
| headache, vomiting, dizziness, syncope |
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Term
| What drugs are prescribed as antianginals? |
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Definition
| nitroglycerine (Nitrostat) |
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Term
| What client teachings/nursing interventions are involved with clients taking antianginals? |
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Definition
| SL & IV routes fastest onset of action, watch for reflex tachycardia, SL dose: 1 tab ev 5 min X3, no relief call 911 |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action for an antilipedemic? |
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Definition
| decrease LDL's and triglycerides, may slightly raise HDL'sWhat are the |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of lipidemics? |
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Definition
| niacin (B2), statins, bile-acid sequestrants |
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Term
| What are the side effects of taking niacin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the side effects of taking statins? |
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Definition
| liver impairment, rhabdomyolysis (skeletal muscle disorder) |
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Term
| What are the nursing interventions involved with taking statins? |
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Definition
| must monitor liver enzymes, report unexplained muscle tenderness or weakness |
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Term
| What are the nursing interventions involved with taking bile-acid sequestrants? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action for an anticoagulant? |
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Definition
| inhibits clot formation in veins, decreases platelet aggregation; used to treat thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, MI |
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Term
| What are the side effects of taking anticoagulants? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drugs are prescribed as anticoagulants? |
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Definition
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Term
| What client teachinggs/nursing interventions are involved with clients taking anticoagulants? |
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Definition
| monitor PT/INR or PTT/APTT levels, platelet count, avoid salicylates, avoid Vit K foods, observe for bleeding gums, teeth, bruises, nosebleeds, petechiae; antagonist for Coumadin is Vit K; antagonist for Heparin is Protomine sulfate |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action for a loop diuretic? |
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Definition
| inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the kidney; increases sodium and water excretion; used for pulmonary edema, edema, HTN |
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Term
| What are the side effects of taking loop diuretics? |
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Definition
| fluid/lyte imbalance, hypokalemia, dehydration, ortho HTN |
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Term
| What drugs are prescribed as loop diuretics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What client teachings/nursing interventions are involved with clients taking loop diuretics? |
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Definition
| Monitor I&O, weight, serum electrolytes; teach client to increase dietary K intake; observe for signs of hypokalemia; teach client to be cautious about ortho HTN when moving, move slowly; high risk of digoxin toxicity |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action for a cardiac glycoside? |
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Definition
| increases force of cardiac contraction, decreases HR; used for CHF and atrial dysrhythmias |
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Term
| What are the side effects of taking cardiac glycosides? |
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Definition
| bradycardia, visual disturbances, fatigue, confusion, anorexia, N/V, headache, drowsiness, diplopia |
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Term
| What drugs are prescribed as cardiac glycosides? |
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Definition
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Term
| What client teachings/nursing interventions are involved with clients taking cardiac glycosides? |
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Definition
| take apical pulse for 1 full min, hold dose if <60 bpm, report sign changes in rate or rhythm, monitor serum levels and K level, digitalizing dose 0.5-1 mg initially in 2 divided doses, maint dose 0.125-0.5 mg/day |
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Term
| What other diuretics are there? |
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Definition
| thiazide: hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)-affects glucose tolerance and electrolytes, caution with diabetes; Osmotic: used to decrease ICP/IOP; Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: used for patients with glaucoma, Potassium-sparing: aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone) |
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