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| A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions |
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| Natural Right (unalienable) |
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| Rights John Locke created. He believed people should have the right to life liberty and property |
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| The unwritten agreement between individuals and society in which individual rights are traded for overall order (decrease of chaos). |
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| English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679). |
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| Philosopher who thought people were basically reasonable and moral, and believed in natural rights. |
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| Believed people in the natural state were basically good, but that they were corrupted by the evils of society, especially due to the unequal distribution of wealth. |
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| French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment, defender of free speech. |
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| He wrote the Declaration of Independence and was one of the five founding fathers.Was the main leader and wrote the entire document. |
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| He was one of five founding fathers. |
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| French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755). |
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| He took part in the American Revolution. He was the one who heard about the British Invasion and rode to Lexington, Massachusetts to give warning about the invasion to the Colony's militia. |
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| He was a British Monarch. During his reign, British defeated France in the Seven Year's War becoming the main European leader. |
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| He took part in the American Revolution. He wrote the Rights of a Man. He supported the Colony's fight for Independence. |
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| Was the Aristocrat "hero of two worlds," fought alongside Washington in the American Revolution and headed the National Guard. |
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| He surrendered in 1781 to a combined American and French force at the Siege of Yorktown. |
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| He was well meaning but weak and indecisive. He inherited France in debt, so he asked Jacques Necker for financial advice. |
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| Is an Austrian born Queen who was against reforms and is bored with the French court. This caused unrest with the public. |
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| Maximilian Robespierre Militia |
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| He is an lawyer and Politician who rose to power in Public Safety. He embraces Rousseau's idea of general will as a source of law, embraced religious tolerance, and wanted to abolish slavery. |
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| A woman journalist who demanded equal rights in her Declaration of the Rights of Women and Female citizens. Was imprisoned and executed for this belief of men being equal to women. |
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| Military hero who won victories against Austrians in Italy and eventually became the Emperor of the French. |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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| Written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain. Was written by the five founding fathers, but Thomas Jefferson was the main writer. |
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| It someone who remained loyal to Britain even when the Colonies were fighting for independence. |
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| A person who supports their country with love and devotion and is prepared to defend it against war. |
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| A documented including the Preamble and the U.S. Bill of Rights. It was first signed on September 17, 1787. |
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| Is a written statement of the most important rights of the citizens of a country, part of the U.S. Constitution. |
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| Also known as Seven Year's War. Was between Great Britain and France. Began in 1754 and ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris. |
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| Was after the Seven Year's War and it was a law which forbade settlement past a certain line. |
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| Places a tax on molasses which would hopefully decrease the act of smuggling it. |
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| Is a law passed by the British Parliament requiring all publications and legal and commercial documents in the American colonies to bear a tax stamp (1765) |
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| Was the re-appeal of all the taxes except the one on tea. |
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| British army soldiers open fired on a protesting crowd, killing 5 civilian men (March 5, 1770). |
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| A political protest against the tax policy of the British government that controlled all the tea imported into the colonies (Dec. 1773). |
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| Laws passed by British government to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party |
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| "No Taxation Without Representation" |
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| The colonists did not think it was fair to have no representation in parliament and still be taxed so they cam up with this saying. |
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| 1st/2nd Continental Congress |
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1st continental congress: meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies that met on September 5 to October 26, 1774
2nd Continental congress: managed the colonial war effort, adopting the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. |
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| Battle at Saratoga (French help) |
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| was a total of two battles. They were 18 days apart from each other. |
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| Where G. Washington forces the surrender of the British army, thereby ending the American Revolutionary war (1781) |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| Was made to establish peace before the U.S. Constitution. Was made by the Continental congress, but was not successful. |
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| American, French, and British diplomats signed this treaty that ended the Revolutionary war and Britain recognized the independence of the United States of America (1783) |
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| General Estate (1st/2nd/3rd) |
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the legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates
1. Clergy
2. Nobility
3. rest of population, is the majority |
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| the middle class; part of the Third Estate |
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| The government spending more than their intake.. This leads them to debt. |
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| created by the disgruntled delegates of the french Third Estate, joined by reform-minded clergy and nobles |
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| when the new National Assembly was locked out of their meeting hall, they assembled in a nearby tennis court, where they swore to meet until a Constitution was established |
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| At medieval fortress which was used as a prison and a french angry mob broke into it and killed the guards, releasing the prisoners, but found no weapons |
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| "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" |
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| was the slogan during the French Revolution |
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| Rumors spread and set off the “Great Fear.” These rumors included Tales of attacks on villages and towns spread panic and other rumors like government troops seizing peasant crops |
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| Reign of Terror (Committee of Public Safety) |
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| Lasted from September 1793 to July 1794, and 300,000 arrested during this time and 17,000 executed too. They were arrested/executed because they were suspected to be enemies who resisted the revolution |
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| A humane way for beheading someone. Saw as a symbol of horror. |
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| Nobles, clergy, and others who had fled France and its Revolutionary forces. Reported attacks on their privileges, religion, property, and their lives. |
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| Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
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| Issued in late August by the National Assembly. Was written 13 years before the Declaration of independence and claimed all men were "born and remain free and equal in rights" and have natural rights of "Liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression." |
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| The Revolutionary government in France which includes two councils, and five member executive. Was eventually overthrown by Napoleon. |
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| This is a popular vote by ballot. |
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Democracy has absolute control; democratic- government by the people
Despotism- absolute control |
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| This is a new code of laws, which embodied the Enlightenment principles (equality of all citizens before the law, religious toleration, and abolition of feudalism). |
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| "Order, Security, Efficiency" |
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| These diplomats and head of states would meet for 10 months (September 1814 - June 1815) with a goal of establishing peace by establishing a balance of powers and protecting the system of monarchy. |
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