Term
What is learning?
a) the capacity to learn new behaviors
b) the process of change in behavior or knowledge
c) the process of associating certain events |
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Definition
| b) the process of change in behavior or knowledge |
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Term
Pavlov traught dogs to salivate at the sound of a musical tone by assocaiting food with the musical note. What was the musical note?
a) unconditioned response
b) unconditioned stimulus
c) conditioned response
d) conditioned stimulus |
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Definition
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Term
What did the Aplysia sea snail do?
a) let its gills out
b) withdrawl gills
c) flatten itself |
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Definition
| b) withdrawl gills to protect itself |
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Term
When Pavlov placed food on the dog's tongue to make the dog salivate, the food was the ___ and the salivation was the ___?
a) conditioned stimulus; unconditioned response
b) unconditioned stimulus; unconditioned response
c) conditioned stimulus; conditioned response
d) unconditioned stimulus; conditioned response |
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Definition
| b) unconditioned stimulus; unconditioned response |
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Term
In the "Little Albert" study, the loud clang was the ___ and the fluffy animal was the ___?
a) unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus
b) unconditioned stimulus; conditioned response
c) conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus |
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Definition
| a)unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus |
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Term
What is an example of habituation?
a) giving vegetables that look like a fruit
b) putting hot sauce on fingers
c) sitting in the corner |
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Definition
| b) putting hot sauce on fingers |
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Term
What two scientist were a part of classical conditioning?
a) Albert Bandura and John B. Watson
b) Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner
c) John Garcia and Robert B. Rescorta |
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Definition
| c) John Garcia and Robert B. Rescorta |
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Term
According to Albert Bandura, we learn from ____?
a) each others' experiences
b) association
c) response and consequence |
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Definition
| a) each others' experiences |
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Term
What is the view that psychology should be an objective science as well as studies behavior without reference to mental processes?
a) structuralism
b) classical conditioning
c) behavoirism |
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Definition
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Term
What is the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response?
a) extinction
b) high-order conditioning
c) spontaneous recovery |
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Definition
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Term
Rescorla and Wagner proved that animals can ___?
a) learn helplessness
b) learn predictibility
c) learn expectancy
d) both b & c
e) all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Which are opposite ideas?
a) aquisition and high-order conditioning
b) extinction and spontaneous recovery
c) generalization and discrimination |
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Definition
| c) generalization and discrimination |
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Term
In classical conditioning, what is discrimination?
a) an act or instance of making a distinction
b) something that serves to differentiate between stimulus and responses
c) the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus |
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Definition
| c) the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus |
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Term
Which is one of the problems with the "Little Albert" study?
a) "Little Albert" went missing
b) fear was not extinguished
c) no morals |
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Definition
| b) fear was not extinguished |
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Term
According to Albert Bandura, the 4 factors that are necessary for observational learning
to occur are which of the following?
a) attention, memory, motor skills, and motivation
b) attention, conditioning, cognition, and reinforcement
c) reinforcement, operant, stimulus discrimination, and imitation |
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Definition
| a) attention, memory, motor skills, and motivation |
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Term
Which is NOT an example of negative punishment?
a) time-out from privileges
b) revoked driver's license
c) spanking |
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Definition
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Term
Which is NOT an example of postive reinforcement?
a) fastening a seatbelt to turn off beeping
b) getting a hug
c) receiving a paycheck |
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Definition
| a) fastening a seatbelt to turn off beeping |
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Term
Which is NOT a biological influence of learning?
a) genetic predisposition
b) generalization
c) unconditioned responses |
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Definition
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Term
Which is NOT a social-cultural influence of learning?
a) culturally learned preferences
b) discrimination
c) motivation, affected by presence of others |
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Definition
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Term
Which is NOT a psychological influence of learning?
a) previous experiences
b) adaptive responses
c) predictibility of associations |
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Definition
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Term
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are forms of ___?
a) observational learning
b) associative learning
c) neither |
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Definition
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Term
What is the Law of Effect?
a) responses closely followed by satisfaction attached to the situation
b) satisfaction or discomfort of voluntary behaviors
c) neither option |
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Definition
| a) responses closely followed by satisfaction attached to the situation |
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Term
What is positive reinforcement?
a) increasing behavior by presenting positive stimuli
b) increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli
c) neither |
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Definition
| a) increasing behavior by present positive stimuli |
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Term
What is negavtive reinforcement?
a) increasing behavior by presenting positive stimuli
b) increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli
c) neither |
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Definition
| b) increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negavtive stimuli |
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Term
What is an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of desired behavior?
a) shaping
b) operant chamber
c) Law of Effect |
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Definition
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Term
What is a chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer?
a) shaping
b) Skinner Box
c) Law of Effect |
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Definition
| b) Skinner Box (aka Operant Chamber) |
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Term
Which is NOT a type of reinforcer?
a) primary
b) secondary
c) fixed-ratio |
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Definition
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Term
Which is NOT a type of reinforcement schedule?
a) variable-ratio
b) fixed-interval
c) conditioned |
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Definition
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Term
Which is a factor of punishment?
a) timing of consequence
b) time of incident
c) neither |
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Definition
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Term
What is latent learning?
a) learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate
b) a mental representation of the layout of one's enviroment
c) a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem |
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Definition
| a) learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate |
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