Term
| As leader of the Franks, he was the first to accept Christianity. As a result, the Frankish kingdom and, later, the country of France would be a predominantly Christian nation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This young, illiterate peasant girl in France would lead an army and help crown a king during the 100 Years' War. She inspired French nationalism. She was betrayed and burned at the stake. Later, she would be canonized as a saint. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of England's greatest kings, he helped create a jury system and a system based on common law. His marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine would lay the foundation for the later 100 Years' War. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This monk helped to create a monastery based on simple rules for monks. Those rules included a life of seclusion, vows of silence and hours of praying and working. His rules became the model used by monasteries throughout Europe during the early Middle Ages. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This Italian author wrote a book about the Black Death entitled, "The Decameron." The book was written in Italian and chronicled 10 stories told by a group of people fleeing the plague. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This wealthy English landowner was married to Louis XVII of France. After that marriage was annulled, she married Henry II of England, giving him not only 5 sons but an English stake in French territory. This would form the foundation for the 100 Years' War. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This Norman duke invaded England in 1066, defeating the king and establishing his rule over Anglo-Saxon England. He consequently created a very strong centralized monarchy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This scholar represented the ideas of scholasticism in the Middle Ages. His ideas of faith and reason form the basis of the Catholic church and his emphasis on "social justice" is important to many today. he countered the ideas of Contemptus Mundi in his greatest work, Summa Theologicae. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This English author wrote a series of stories called "The Canterbury Tales." The stories were about pilgrims traveling tot he shrine of St. Thomas Beckett and were written in his vernacular, English. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This Muslim and Kurdish leader took the city of Jerusalem from the crusaders in 1187, prompting the Third Crusade. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This French monarch became the epitome of a medieval monarch. He was well respected throughout Europe and many came to him seeking advise. In France, he outlawed trial by combat and established a royal court system. Thirty years after his death, he was canonized. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This pope helped expand the power of the church by becoming more involved in politics. He used church money to raise armies, repair roads and help the poor. he also negotiated peace treaties. his actions would be followed by later popes as well, establishing an important and powerful role for the church in the affairs of government. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This Frankish king led an army to defeat Muslim invaders at the Battle of Tours in 732. Consequently, France and the rest of Europe remained predominantly Christian. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| He was elected king in France in 987, establishing a dynasty that would last until 1328. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This Italian wrote "The Divine Comedy" in the vernacular, Italian. The book chronicled a look at what the afterlife may look like and famously describes a tour through hell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This early church leader wrote "City of God" and "Confessions." He was one of the first to articulate the idea of original sin, which formed the basis of the Medieval idea of "contemptus mundi." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This pope called for a holy war in 1095 to rescue the holy land from the Muslims. His call would cause a series of crusades that would span the next 300 years. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This French king was one of the most powerful, extending his influence into land owned by England. Under his reign, France was able to expand its borders by seizing Normandy from King John of England. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This was the greatest king of the Frankish kingdom. He conquered in the name of Christianity and was crowned emperor in 800 by the pope. Unfortunately, after his death, the territory he gained would be divided among his sons in the Treaty of Verdun. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This Kingw as despised in England. A rebellion against the king by English nobles resulted int he signing of the Magna Carta in 1215. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This period of time is also known as the "medieval age" and encompasses the period between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance. The focus of the era is feudalism and Christianity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Religious communities in the Middle Ages. Run by monks, these communities were often separate from society. Monks maintained libraries and copied books, preserving knowledge. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This council existed in France and served as advisors to the king. The council was made up of representatives from France's three classes, or estates. Never gained too much power, unlike parliament in England. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A belief common in the Middle Ages that reflected basic belief about life: life is horrible and the focus should be on what happens after death. Therefore, art in the Middle Ages often focused on the darker aspects of life: death, sin and violence. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is a tax that everyone was expected to pay to the church and usually represented 10% of one's income. This contributed to the power of the church. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Part of the feudal system. this person received land from the king and then divided the land to the vassals. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used by the church to root out heresy, this court often used torture to suppress ideas that ran contrary to church thought. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is a land grant in the Feudal system. These grants helped to divide Europe up into small, often competing territories. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A power used by the Pope to expel someone from the church. The person could not then not receive the sacraments and therefore, not be able to enter heaven. Used by the pope to increase his power and attack people accused of heresy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These are sacred rituals in the church, which included baptism and communion. People believed that one needed to have these rituals in order to get to heaven. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the feudal system, these people received land from the Lord. In exchange for land, they agreed to provide food and entertainment to the Lord. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This law-making body got its start in England under the reign of Edward I. Eventually, the king would call this group whenever a new tax was needed. Eventually, it would become more powerful than the king and is the law-making body in England. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A type of peasant in the Feudal system. These people were bound to the land and did not have the right to leave. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A code of conduct used by knights in the Middle Ages that emphasized honor and bravery. This code was often idealized in literature and epic poems. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The law of the church. This law was used to run church affairs and establish special courts of inquisition. This law was applied not only to clergy, but also to everyone in European society, from Kings to peasants. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The practice of selling church offices. This sometimes led to charges of corruption where people unqualified in matters of religion were now running religious posts. This would later lead to calls for reform. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A religious war, this often refers to the quest to conquer the "Holy Land" begun in 1095 by Pope Urban II. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is the term for everyday language spoken by people. Although Latin was the official language of the Church, few people spoke it. As a result, many people began writing in the everyday language of the people. For example, Dante wrote The Divine Comedy in his everyday language: Italian. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An organization of people within a similar occupation. These organizations helped control trade and set prices. became very influential in the Middle Ages by helping to influence local government. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This belief was evident in universities throughout the Middle Ages. In this belief, logic and reason were stressed as being compatible with religious beliefs. Thomas Aquinas was its most famous devotee. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of law developed in England and was based on custom and tradition. Built upon the rulings of judges throughout the ages, this law forms the basis of English society to this day. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This group of armed horsemen served vassals and defended the land in exchange for some land of their own. They were highly popular in Medieval literation and were often associated with ideas of chivalry. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
