Term
| This battle occurred in 732 and was fought between an invading Muslim army and the the army of the Franks, led by Charles Martel. In the end, the Franks won, stopping the spread of Islam into Europe. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name THREE effects of the Crusades. |
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Definition
1. Increase in trade
2. The search and export of relics
3. Increased persecution of Jews and Muslims |
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Term
| What is a flying buttress? |
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Definition
| An architectural device used in the building of Gothic cathedrals that allowed for the construction of taller buildings will large, ornate windows. |
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Term
| What is the significance of the Treaty of Verdun? |
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Definition
| It divided Charlemagne's territory into three parts. Those divisions would eventually become the modern nations of France an, later, Germany. |
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Term
| Who were the dread "northmen" invaders, known for their brutality in looting and sacking villages along the coasts in England and northern Europe? |
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Definition
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Term
| List and describe two powers of the Pope and their significance. |
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Definition
1. Excommunication: the power to kick someone out of the church
2. Interdict: to prohibit people in an area to receive the sacraments
These powers gave the pope tremendous influence over kings and governments |
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Term
| What problems existed in the church during the middle ages? |
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Definition
| The church grew more secular. As a result, the power of the church increased as did charges of corruption. Church offices were being sold through simony. There were unqualified people running the church. The church became a large landowner and often were fundamental parts of disputes and wars. |
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Term
| List two characteristics of "gothic" architecture. |
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Definition
1. Pointed arch
2. Flying Buttress |
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Term
| What was the significance of the Magna Carta? |
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Definition
| Although the Magna Carta only protected the rights of nobles, the principles contained in it became the foundations for constitutional governments in the West and demonstrated the principle that no one is above the law. |
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Term
| Describe the feudal classes in medieval society. |
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Definition
| The king was at the top. Followed by the nobles and the peasants and serfs. Within society, there also existed the clergy class, who were seen as an important part of daily life. the majority of the people were peasants or serfs working the land. |
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Term
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Definition
| Feudalism began with the king, who divided land among his Lords. These nobles then, to gain support, would further divide the land to their loyal supporters known as vassals. the vassals agreed to provide food and soldiers to the lords while the serfs worked the land. In return, the lords promised to protect the vassals. |
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Term
| What problems existed with the feudal system? |
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Definition
| It was confusing. Sometimes a vassal could owe allegiance to several different lords. Kings could also become vassals. As a result, this created many conflicts. |
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Term
| What caused the Black Death? |
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Definition
| A bacteria called yersinia pestis that was brought to Europe through trade. the bacteria was spread by the bites of fleas. |
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Term
| Medieval art centered around what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the significance of the Battle of Hastings? |
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Definition
| The battle of Hastings saw the end of Anglo-Saxon England as William from Normandy defeated Harold, the last Anglo-Saxon king. |
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Term
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Definition
| These are objects that are sacred to Christianity, such as the skull of John the Baptist and the scarf worn by Mary. The objects were brought back to Europe as a result of the Crusades and cathedrals were built to house them. Pilgrims dedicated their lives to travel, visiting the various relics all over Europe. |
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Term
| What were the results of the Black Death? |
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Definition
| The Black Death helped to weaken Feudalism. As over 1/2 of the population in Europe died, serfs gained more rights. |
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Term
| What is the biggest result of the 100 Years' War? |
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Definition
| It saw the end of the Middle Ages and an increase in nationalism. |
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Term
| What development by the English gave them an upper hand in the 100 Years' War, most notably at the battle of Agincourt? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the original purpose of the Magna Carta? |
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Definition
| To protect the rights of the nobles and weaken the power of the king. |
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Term
| What was the difference between a peasant and a serf? |
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Definition
| A peasant was free to move around, while a serf was bound to work on a particular tract of land---giving labor and food to a particular vassal. |
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Term
| What are the Five Pillars of Islam? |
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Definition
| These are the basic beliefs of all Muslims: 1. Declaration of Faith 2. Pray 5 times a Day 3. Give to the poor 4. Fasting during Ramadan 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca 5. |
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Term
| What brought about the fall of the Byzantine Empire? |
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Definition
| Constant attacks on Constantinople by the Turks led to the fall of the city in 1453. |
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Term
| What was the significance of Justinian's Code? |
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Definition
| This law code preserved the basic ideas of law from the Roman Empire |
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Term
| What is "Contemptus Mundi?" |
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Definition
| This means "hate the world" and refered to the idea during the Middle Ages that life was a horrible thing and people should be more worried bout the afterlife. |
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Term
| Who were the difference between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox Christianity? |
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Definition
| 1. Pope is the head of the Catholic church 2. Patriarch controls religion in the Eastern faith, but is subservient to the emperor 3. Pope gets more involved in politics in Catholicism |
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Term
| What do Muslims think of Jesus? |
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Definition
| That he was one of God's great prohets, but not the son of God. |
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Term
| What was the significance of the Magna Carta? |
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Definition
| The Magna Carta set the belief that there are rights that people have and even the king needs to obey the law |
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Term
| How did Muslims treat Christians and Jews when they conquered territory? |
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Definition
| They saw Christians and Jews as "people of the book" and allowed them to practice their religions |
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Term
| Who were the first people to accept Islam? |
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Definition
| Bedouin tribes in the Arabian peninsula |
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Term
| How did Charlemagne become emperor? |
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Definition
| He was crowned emperor by the Pope, which illustrated the power that popes would have in politics |
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Term
| What are the differences between Sunni and Shiah in the Islamic faith? |
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Definition
| Sunni believe that the religious leaders should be chosen by the Muslim community. Shiah believe that caliphs should be from Muhammad's family. |
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Term
| How do Muslims view the Qur'an? |
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Definition
| As the word of God, as told to Muhammad by the angel Gabriel. |
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