Term
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Definition
Midgut fails to return to abdominal cavity
Protruding intestines are in the umbilical cord, covered by amnion and peritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
defect in body wall leads to extrusion of abdominal viscera into amnion;
viscera not covered by peritoneum or amnion |
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Term
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Definition
| imperfect closure of umbilical ring; usually resolves itself |
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Term
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Definition
| midgut rotates only first 90 degrees; large intestine and appendix found on left |
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Term
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Definition
first 90 degrees normal; last 180 degrees rotates counterclockwise;
results in duodenum anterior to transverse colon - may cause compression of colon/vessels to colon |
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Term
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Definition
| cecum fails to elongate and descend; appendix in upper right quadrant; absence of ascending colon |
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Term
| incomplete fixation of midgut |
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Definition
results in mobile cecum, duodenum, etc; volvulus (twisting) may occur, resulting in obstruction of blood supply = necrosis and gangrene;
usu accompanied by bilious vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
| small intestines 'blind end'; failure of recanalization (duodenum) or vascular accident, resulting in failure of on portion to grow |
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Term
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Definition
| narrowing in small intestines (possily due to error in recanalization) |
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Term
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Definition
| small intestine; pobably due to error in recanalization |
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Term
| Ileal (Meckel's) diverticulum |
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Definition
persistence of vitelline duct on antimesenteric border of ileum; may contain gastric or pancreatic tissue; ulceration mimics appendicitis
2 in. long, 2 feet from ileocecal jxn, 2% of live births |
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Term
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Definition
| sac connected to umbilicus and ileum by fibrous cords |
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Term
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Definition
| passage from ileum to umbilicus; fecal matter may pass through |
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Term
| esophageal atresia or tracheoesophageal fistula |
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Definition
due to abnormal partitioning of trachea and esophagus by tracheoesophageal septum;
most common: upper part of esophagus ends in blind pouch; lower part opens into trachea |
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Term
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Definition
| more common in males; often associated anomalies of lumbar and sacral verterae |
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Term
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Definition
| no anal opening; associated with atresia, stenosis, high imperforate anus, low imerforate anus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hirschsprung disease (congenital aganglionic megacolon) |
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Definition
abscence of PS ganglia in colon wall; no peristalsis; proximal colon becomes dilated;
failure of neural crest cells to migrate or differentiate |
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Term
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Definition
| ^ amniotic fluid; results in maternal abdominal swelling and fetal ipaired uteroplacenal perfusion |
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Term
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Definition
| v amniotic fluid (often due to kidney problem); compressoin of abdomen and thorax, resulting in pulmonary hypoplasia |
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Term
| respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) |
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Definition
| due to insufficient surfactant (collapsed alveoli); corticosteroids and artificial surfactant are given; labor delayed until treatment with corticosteroids to help surfactant to develop (ideally) |
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Term
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Definition
| most common: cong diaphragmatic hernia = decreased intrathoracic space; thoracic compression (oligohydramnios); decreased fetal breathing (cns damage) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis |
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Definition
| hypertrophy of pyloric muscle leads to stenosis; projectile vomiting; more common in males |
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Term
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Definition
| usually 2nd part; bilious vomiting soon after birth (delayed of only stenosis); often assoc with down's syndroe; commonly assoc with other GI abnormalities; anular pancreas,stenosis, atresia, midgut volvulus, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| most common: born with ducts, but unknown inflam. process destroys them; develops jaundice shortly after birth; liver transplant required |
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Term
| paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts |
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Definition
| too few ducts; cause unknown - progressive destruction?; some benign, others require liver transplant |
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Term
| probe patency of foramen ovale |
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Definition
| (ASD) imcomplete adhesion of septum primum and secundum; not usu clinically significant |
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Term
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Definition
| defect in fossa ovalis; result from: excessive resorption of primum; defective formation of secundum |
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Term
| endocardial cushion defect with primum ASD |
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Definition
endocardial cushions don't fuse - foramen primum persists;
often assoc with Down's Syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| defect in membranous IV septum; VSD accounts for 25% of cardiac defects |
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Term
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Definition
| from excessive cavitation of myocardial tissue during muscular septum formation |
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Term
| persistant truncus arteriosus |
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Definition
| truncoconal swellings fail to grow; single artery arises from both vesicles, mixing blood; divides into aorta and pulmonary trunk |
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Term
| transposition of the great vessels |
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Definition
| aorta from rt ventricle and pulmonary trunk from the left (from failure of spiral); also a ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosis - 2ndry defects make life possible |
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Term
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Definition
1) pulmonary stenosis 2)ventricular septal deffect (membranous portion) 3) overriding aorta 4) right ventricular hypertrophy (from ^ pressure)
most common cause of 'blue baby'; conus septum develops too far anteriorly, restulting in unequal vessles and septum too far anterior |
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Term
| aortic or pulmonary stenosis |
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Definition
| valve is thickened and narrowed - ^bp in ventricle; wall thickens; restricted blood flow results in murmur; may start mild, but usu. worsens with growth; evidence of 'strain' may require valve treatment |
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Term
| persistent ductus arteriosus |
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Definition
normal closure within days to weeks; blood flows from aorta to pulmonary artery; treat with prostaglandin synthase inhibitor;
assoc with premature birth and rubella; accounts for 10% of CV malformations in infancy |
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Term
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Definition
narrowing of aorta; often unidentified until childhood; anastomoses make up for loss of flow through descending aorta - large intercostal and epigastric arteries, internal thoracic;
always suspect in young adults with HTN |
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Term
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Definition
| heart is reversed - often occurs when all organs are reversed - situs inversu; |
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