Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes in the head of a sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| release of hydrolytic enzymes after contact between a sperm head and the zona pellucida of an ovum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the special feature of an organism that increases its survival in its environment e.g. behavioural, physiological and anatomical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| changes to the features of living things over time due to natural selection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organism that has moved into or been introduced into an area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plant cell organelle responsible for the storage of starch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance produced by organisms e.g. plants that reduce the growth of or kill microorganisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| methods used to reduce contamination of microbial cultures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reproduction producing offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| even spread of a bacterial culture onto agar used for disc diffusion tests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of different species, range of organisms and range of gene variants (alleles) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inorganic ion used by plants for the production of calcium pectate for support |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meristem tissue found between xylem and phloem that contributes to stem thickening |
|
|
Term
| captive breeding programme |
|
Definition
| breeding programme used in zoos to increase the numbers of endangered organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process leading to the production of daughter cells by mitosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| feature of plant, fungal and bacterial cells for supports |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structural carbohydrate made up of straight beta glucose chains linked together by hydrogen bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organelle made of protein tubules that organises the spindle in mitosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plant cell organelle responsible for photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where phenotypes do not have discrete values but form a series |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exchange of alleles between homologous chromosomes during meiosis |
|
|
Term
| differential gene expression |
|
Definition
| the switching of genes on or off so that specific proteins are made and so cells become specialised in their function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drug developed by William Withering after observations of the herbal effects of foxglove |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having two of each chromosome e.g. zygote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| technique used to test sensitivity of a specific microbe to a specific substance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the discovery of an active substance as the starting point of drug development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| new taxonomic group derived after new evidence challenged the kingdom grouping |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to investigate the effectiveness of a drug where neither patient or doctor is aware who is being treated with the drug to reduce bias |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arising from the area under study |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| food source in flowering plant's seeds formed by the fusion of 3 nuclei |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cell structure that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the development of new species and changes to existing species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outside the cell e.g. a protein that is secreted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fusion of the nuclei of two haploid cells, restoring the diploid number for the organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sex cell e.g. sperm, ovum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a DNA base sequence coding for a protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the combination and frequency of alleles in a breeding population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the male gamete in flowering plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the range of alleles within a species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| system of membrane sacs that process proteins for export or use in the cytoplasm and package them in vesicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having one set of chromosomes e.g. gamete |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the organisation of taxonomic groups by decreasing size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weak molecular bond formed when adjacent atoms have different electronegativity's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the random sorting of one of each chromosome into a gamete nucleus during meiosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plant minerals e.g. nitrate, calcium and magnesium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the position of a gene on a chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| copy of a gene carried into cytoplasm for the production of protein by translation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inorganic ion used by plants for the production of chlorophyll |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell division producing daughter cells that are haploid and differ genetically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structure made up of several adjacent cellulose chains held by hydrogen bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structure connecting adjacent plant cell walls composed of calcium pectate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organelle that produces ATP by aerobic respiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell division where daughter cells are identical, used for growth and asexual reproduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organisation of living things where they are made up of many specialised cells in tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the differential survival of organisms based on their features and the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the way of life of an organism and therefore how it interacts with other organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inorganic ion used by plants for the production of proteins and nucleic acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organelle inside nucleus used to produce ribosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organelle containing chromosomes inside a double membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| growth medium used to investigate microorganism growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of tissues that work together to carry out a function for the organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of organs working together to fulfil a function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small trial testing safety with human volunteers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medium sized trial testing for effectiveness on patients, usually in two groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large scale trial used to test for effectiveness and to indicate rare side-effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a feature produced by the interaction of genes (genotype) and environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| living tissue in plants that carries the products of photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin areas of cell walls inside which there may be several plasmodesmata |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance containing no active therapy used as a comparative control in drug trials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| xylem and sclerenchyma tissues in products e.g. paper |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| visible symptoms in plants lacking specific inorganic ions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| growth and specialisation of part of a plant (explant) to produce new tissues, organs or organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gaps in plant cell walls allowing flow of cytoplasm between them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of a stem cell to produce any tissue in an organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long, thin extension of the pollen grain that grows down the style of the female carpel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phenotype is affected by genes at several loci |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cell structure that has no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles e.g. bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the formation of a new combination of alleles or genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of individuals responsible for monitoring the licensing of new technologies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the release of organisms in areas where they have become extinct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organelle found in cytoplasm and rough endoplasmic reticulum that manufactures proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure to prepare cells for observing stages of mitosis |
|
|
Term
| rough endoplasmic reticulum |
|
Definition
| system of membranes with attached ribosomes used to manufacture and process proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| addition of lignin and other polysaccharides to cellulose cell walls to give greater strength and support |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| place used to store seeds of plants to preserve their genetic diversity |
|
|
Term
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
|
Definition
| series of membranes in the cytoplasm that synthesise lipids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of organisms that can breed and produce offspring that are fertile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| storage carbohydrate made up of amylose and amylopectin made of alpha glucose monomers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unspecialised cell capable of specialising into at least one tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using resources so that their future use is not harmed e.g. use of starch for packaging and plastic film |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the way that an organism is classified |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to resist forces along the length of a material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treatment intended to reduce the effect of a medical condition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of cells of the same specialised structure, carrying out the same function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane surrounding the large, central sap vacuole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of a stem cell to produce a complete organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nucleus responsible for pollen tube growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large vesicle in plant cells responsible for control of cytoplasm concentration and for support |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dead, water carrying tissue in plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| place used to preserve animal species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell formed by fertilisation of two gametes |
|
|
