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Unit 2 - Population and Migration
AP Human Geography
40
Geography
Undergraduate 1
10/29/2013

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Term
Age Distribution
Definition
Percentage of the total population, or the population of each sex, at each age level.
Term
Birth Rate
Definition
The number of babies are born per 1000 people in a population
Term
Carrying capacity
Definition
Maximum demand or load that may be placed on a machine, resource, or system for extended periods under normal or specified conditions.
Term
Child mortality rate
Definition
number of deaths per thousand children within the first five years of life.
Term
Cohort
Definition
Number of deaths per thousand children within the first five years of life.
Term
Death Rate
Definition
Number of deaths per year per 1000 people
Term
Demographic transition model
Definition
A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time.
Term
Demographic momentum
Definition
Continued population increase despite reduced reproductive rates.
Term
Dependency Ratio
Definition
The ratio of the number of people who are either too old or young to provide for themselves to the number of people who must support them through their own labor.
Term
Doubling Time
Definition
Time period required for a population experiencing growth to double in size.
Term
Non-Ecumene
Definition
Places that are not very populous relative to other areas. i.e. Desert, highlands, lowlands, jungles.
Term
eugenics
Definition
Policies designed to favor one racial sector over others.
Term
Epidemiological Transition model
Definition
replacement of population infectious diseases by chronic diseases over time due to expanded public health and sanitation
Term
Infant mortality Rate
Definition
Number of deaths of children less than one year of age per 1000 live births.
Term
Maladaptation
Definition
Trait that has become more harmful than helpful. i.e. resistance to antibiotics.
Term
Thomas Maltuhus
Definition
Claimed that population grows at an exponential rate while food production increases arithmetically. So eventually population growth would out space food production.
Term
Natality
Definition
Birth rate
Term
Neo-malthusian
Definition
Advocacy of population control programs to ensure enough resources for current and future populations.
Term
Over population
Definition
A value judgement based on the notion that the resources of a particular area are not great enough to support that area's current population.
Term
Population density
Definition
A measurement of the number of persons per unit land area.
Term
Rate of natural increase
Definition
crude birth rate minus the crude death rate of a population.
Term
Standard of living
Definition
refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class.
Term
sustainability
Definition
Capacity to endure
Term
Underpopulation
Definition
Lacking the normal population density
Term
Zero population growth
Definition
proposal to end population growth through a variety of official and non governmental family planning programs
Term
Chain migration
Definition
Pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship. I.e. one migrant settles in a place then communicates to family and friends who in turn migrate there.
Term
Cyclic movement
Definition
movement that has a closed route and is repeated seasonally or annually.
Term
Distance decay
Definition
The effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction.
Term
Forced Migration
Definition
Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate.
Term
Gravity model
Definition
A mathematical prediction of the interaction of places, the interaction being a function of population size of the respective places and the distances between them.
Term
Intervening opportunity
Definition
The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away.
Term
Periodic movement
Definition
Movement that involves temporary recurrent relocation. i.e. military service
Term
Place utility
Definition
Attractiveness of a product to a group of consumers by altering its physical location
Term
Push pull factors
Definition
Push-Incentive for migrants to leave a place
Pull-Attractions that draw migrants to a certain place
Term
Refugee
Definition
people who leave their home because they are forced out
Term
Socioeconomic consequences of migration
Definition
Less jobs for natives
Term
space time prism
Definition
set of all points that can be reached by and individual given a maximum possible speed from a starting point
Term
Step migration
Definition
Migration involving people to move upward as far as rural to urban. i.e. People moving from a farm to the suburbs to a city.
Term
Trans humance
Definition
a system of pastoral farming in which ranchers move livestock according to the seasonal availability of pastures
Term
Trans migration
Definition
movement that consists of one person migrating from one place to another
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