1. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Jean-Jacques Rousseau's ideas on individual rights helped influence the creation of the Bill of Rights.

An Enlightenment thinker who believed in individual rights and democracy.

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2. Absolutism

Enlightened absolutism was a type of government created during the Enlightenment

Belief that all power should be handled by one individual. 

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3. Adam Smith

Adam Smith promoted free enterprise and wrote The Wealth of Nations

4. Baron de Montesquieu

Montesquieu influenced the creation of the 3 branch U.S. government.

5. Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin is known for discovering electricity, but he also helped form the United States government.

6. Cesare Beccaria

Cesare Beccaria had a major influence in the American Judicial System

Cesare Beccaria was an Italian criminologist who believed in principles such as right to a fair and speedy trial and equal punishment, but rejected torture and the death penalty.

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7. Dark Ages

The Dark Ages began with the fall of the Roman Empire.

The Dark ages was a period of economic and cultural deterioration in Western Europe, which involved much conflict.

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8. Enlightenment

The Enlightenment shaped most of the Modern Western World.

A period during the 18th century when many ideas of government and ways of life were exchanged.

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9. Father Hidalgo

10. Ignorance

Enlightenment is the opposite of ignorance.

Having a lack of knowledge of something.

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11. Intolerance

The Enlightenment helped to erase intolerance in the world.

The inability to accept cultures/ways of life different from your own.

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12. John Locke

Although Locke believed in monarchy, he also supported freedom of speech and religion.

A thinker during the enlightenment who believed all people were selfish and should be ruled by a constitutional monarchy.

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13. Liberty

Nearly all enlightenment thinkers believed in liberty for everyone.

Basic freedom for all.

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14. Mary Wollstonecraft

Mary Wollstonecraft fought for equality in education for women.

The most popular woman to recognize gender inequality and fight to stop it. She believed that people should be judged on character and moral value.

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16. Natural Rights

John Locke supported natural rights.

Rights received at birth.

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17. Philosophy

The Enlightenment was driven mainly by philosophers.

The study of nature, the meaning of existence, and society.

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18. Reason

Philosophers during the Enlightenment claimed to make reason a part of everyone's lives.

To see things and interpret them with logic.

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19. Scientific Revolution

The scientific revolution occurred near the Enlightenment. 

A period of major development in science, mathematics, and medicine.

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20. Simon Bolivar

Ideas from the enlightenment encouraged Simon Bolivar to overthrow Spain's reign.

A Venezuelan political leader who believed in dividing a government into multiple branches to prevent corruption.

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Social Contract

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed in a Social Contract Government. 

A society in which people have rights, but give up freedoms in exchange for protection.

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Suffrage

Suffrage for all men was proposed during the Enlightenment.

The right to vote in elections.

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Superstition

Belief that objects or actions bring good/bad luck.

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Thomas Hobbes

Thomas Hobbes along with other philosophers believed that people should give up their freedom to their government in order to keep peace. 

An English philosopher who believed all people were greedy and needed to be ruled by a monarch.

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Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson contributed greatly to the development of the U.S.

Wrote the majority of the Declaration of Independence and was the 3rd President of the U.S.A.

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Voltaire

Voltaire believed in freedom of speech and religion, and the separation of church and state.

A French philosopher during the Enlightenment whose ideas influence the French Revolution.

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