Term
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Definition
Crises are universal experiences
Crisis represents struggle for equilibrium and adjustment when problems seem unsolvable |
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Term
| What do crisis present danger to? |
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Definition
| personality organization as well as opportunity for personal growth |
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Term
| What is the definition of crisis? |
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Definition
| acute, time-limited event experienced as overwhelming emotional reactions |
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Term
| What is crisis interventions? |
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Definition
| assistance in coping for those in crisis. Interventions used are broad, creative and flexible |
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Term
| Crisis are reactions to what? |
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Definition
A stressful situational event
A developmental event
A Societal event
A cultural event
The perception of an event |
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Term
| What is the time line of crisis? |
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Definition
| Self-limiting - ususally 4-6 weeks |
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Term
| How does functioning effect crisis resolution? |
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Definition
Higher level of functioning
Same level of functioning
Lower level of functioning
Happens @ different levels |
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Term
| What is the goal of crisis intervention? |
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Definition
| return individual to previous level of functioning |
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Term
| What are the interventions with crisis intervention? |
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Definition
Deal with person’s present problems: “here and now”
Nurse takes active, directive role when intervening
Important to set realistic goals focused on current situation |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of crisis? |
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Definition
-Maturational
-Situational
-Adventitious |
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Term
| What is a maturational crisis? |
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Definition
Related to identified developmental stages occurring throughout life
-Each new stage requires new coping mechanisms
EX: marriage, child birth, retirement |
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Term
| What is situational crisis? |
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Definition
Arises from external rather than internal source; usually unanticipated, “critical life problems”
EX: Loss of job, death of loved one, financial status change, divorce |
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Term
| What is adventitious crisis? |
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Definition
Crisis of disaster, not part of everyday life
Arise from
Natural disaster (floods, fires, earthquakes)
National disaster (acts of terrorism, war, riots, airplane crashes)
Crime of violence (rape, assault, murder in workplace/school, bombing in crowded areas, abuse) |
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Term
| What is the first phase of crisis? |
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Definition
| person is confronted by conflict or problem that threatens self-concept and causes anxiety; stimulates problem solving to lower anxiety |
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Term
| What is the second phase of crisis? |
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Definition
| if usual defensive response fails and threat persists, anxiety continues to rise; trial-and-error attempts to solve problem |
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Term
| What is the third phase of crisis? |
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Definition
| if trial-and-error attempts fail, anxiety can escalate to panic levels |
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Term
| What is the fourth phase of crisis? |
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Definition
if problem is not solved and new coping skills are ineffective, anxiety can overwhelm person
-Serious personality disorganization, depression, confusion, violence against self/other can occur |
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Term
| What are the questions to ask when assessing someone's crisis? |
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Definition
Patient’s perception of precipitating event
Assess patient’s situational supports
Assess patient’s personal coping skills |
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Term
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Definition
| First assess whether there is a need for external controls because of suicidal or homicidal ideations or gestures! |
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Term
| What is a primary intervention? |
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Definition
| education, environmental manipulation, new coping skills |
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Term
| What is a secondary intervention? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a tertiary intervention? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are common nursing diagnoses r/t crisis? |
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Definition
| Risk for self- or other-directed violence, Spiritual distress, Hopelessness, Anxiety (moderate, severe, panic), Disturbed thought processes, Ineffective coping, Risk for post-trauma syndrome |
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Term
| How do nurses plan r/t crisis management? |
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Definition
Nurse plans interventions via variety of modalities
-Disaster nursing, mobile crisis units, group work, health education and crisis prevention, victim outreach programs, telephone hotlines
Nurse can intervene for individual, group, or community |
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Term
| What questions should be asked when planning r/t crisis intervention? |
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Definition
How much has crisis affected person’s life?
How is state of disequilibrium affecting patient’s significant others? |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE GOALS OF INTERVENTION? |
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Definition
| patient safety, anxiety reduction |
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Term
| What interventions are common to crisis interventions? |
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Definition
Assess for suicidal or homicidal thoughts
Ensure patient safety
Listen carefully to patient’s perceptions of problem
Use directive and creative approaches in intervening
Identify patient support systems and mobilize these
Plan with patient interventions acceptable
Plan regular follow-up to assess patient’s progress toward established goals |
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Term
| What does a primary intervention do? |
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Definition
| Promote mental health and decrease incidence of crisis |
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Term
| What does a secondary intervention do/ |
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Definition
| Interventions to prevent prolonged anxiety and personality disorganization |
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Term
| What does a tertiary intervention do? |
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Definition
Support for those who have experienced severe crisis and are recovering
Goal: facilitate optimal level of functioning |
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Term
| What is Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD)? |
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Definition
Used to assist a group that has experienced a crisis
Consists of seven-step procedure offering individuals opportunity to share thoughts and feelings in safe and controlled environment |
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Term
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Definition
Debrief staff following patient suicide
Help staff/students following incident of school violence
Debrief rescue personnel who responded to disaster |
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Term
| When are goals evaluated? |
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Definition
| Performed 4-8 weeks after initial interview |
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Term
| What is a successful intervention? |
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Definition
Successful intervention characterized by:
Patient’s anxiety and ability to function has returned to pre-crisis level |
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Term
| What questions are important to ask when evaluation of success? |
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Definition
Is patient safe?
Has patient developed adaptive coping?
Has patient maintained optimum level of function? |
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