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unit 2 exam
chapters 5-9 anatomy and physiology elain n. marieb
60
Physiology
Undergraduate 1
10/28/2012

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

three regions of the skin

Definition

1. epidermis   

2. Dermis       

3. hypodermis

Term
cells of the epidermis
Definition

Kerotinocytes

Melanocytes

Langerhan's cells

Merkel Cells

Term
layers of epidermis (deepest to shallowest)
Definition

basale

psinosum

granulosum

lucidum(only thick skin)

corneum

Term
two layers of the dermis
Definition

1. papillary

2. reticular

Term
skin color and disease
Definition

1. cyanosis-low O of hemoglobin

2. erythema- fever, hypertension, inflammation

3. pallor (white)-anger, fear, blood pressure

4. jaundice (yellow)- liver disorder

5. bronzing- inadequate steroid hormone

Term
eccrine sweat gland
Definition
found in palms, soles of feet, and forehead
Term
apocrine sweat glands
Definition
found in axillary and anogenital areas (stink)
Term
ceruminous glands
Definition

modified apocrine glands in external ear canal (ear wax)

 

Term
sebaceous glands
Definition
oil glands- secrete an oily secretion called sebum
Term
[image]
Definition

locate: sweat gland

hair shaft

hair bulb

layers

dermal papillae

root

nerve

Term
three major skin cancers
Definition

basal cell carcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma

melanoma

 

Term

3 types of cartilage

 

Definition

hyaline

elastic

fibrocartilage

Term
named bones in the skeleton
Definition
206
Term
two groups of bones
Definition

axial (long axis of body)

skull, vertebral column, ribs

appendicular

bones of upper and lower limbs. girdles attaching limbs to axial

Term

growth of cartilage

Definition

appositional growth

interstitial growth

 

Term

types of bone

 

 

Definition

long bone

short bone

flat bone

irregular bone

Term

long bone

 

Definition

longer than they are wide

limbs, wrist, angle

Term
short bone
Definition

cube shaped bones

sesamoid bones (in tendons)

vary in size and number in individuals

Term
flat bones
Definition

thin, flat, slightly curved

sternum, scapulae, ribs, most skull bones

Term
irregular bones
Definition

complicated shapes

vertebrae, coxal bones

Term
function of bones
Definition

support

protection

movement

mineral storage

blood cell formation

Term
tuberosity
Definition
[image]
Term
crest
Definition
[image]
Term
chemical composition of bone
Definition

osteoblast

osteocytes

osteoclasts

osteoid

Term
osteoblasts
Definition
bone forming cells
Term
osteocytes
Definition
mature bone cells
Term
osteoclasts
Definition
large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix
Term
osteoid
Definition
unmineralized bone matrix composed of proteoglycan, glycoproteins, and collagen
Term
fractural classification
Definition

non displaced-ends retain normal position

displaced-ends out of normal alignment

Term
completeness of break
Definition

complete-all the way broken

incomplete-broken part way through

Term
penetration of skin
Definition

open (compound)-skin is penetrated

closed (simple)- skin is not penetrated

Term
types of bone fractures
Definition

linear

transverse

comminuted

spiral

depressed

Term
types of fractures
Definition

compression-bone is crussed, common in porous bones

epiphyseal- accurs where cartilage dies

greenstick-incomplete fracture 1 side breaks other side bends

Term

treatments for breaks and fractures

 

Definition

reduction

immobilization

Term
8 cranial bones
Definition

frontal

parietal

occipital

temporal

sphenoid

ethmoid

Term
sutures
Definition

coronal

sagittal

lamboid

squamous

Term
coronal
Definition

between parietal and frontal

 

Term
sagittal suture
Definition
between right and left parietal bones
Term
lambdoid suture
Definition
between parietal bones and occipital bone
Term
squamous suture
Definition
between parietal and temporal on both sides of skull
Term
three pairs of processes
Definition

greater wings

lesser wings

ptyerygoid processes

Term
spine curvatures in order (top to bottom)
Definition

cervical

thoracic

lumbar

sacral

coccyx

Term
scapula
Definition
shoulder blade
Term
radius
Definition
small bone in arm (left most on left arm)
Term
ulna
Definition
right most bone on  left forearm
Term
carpals
Definition
wrist bones
Term
pubic
Definition
top of isnium...bottom of hips
Term
metacarpels
Definition
[image]
Term
ischium
Definition
[image]
Term
patella
Definition
knee cap
Term
tarsels
Definition
top foot bones
Term
illium
Definition
hip
Term
talus
Definition
ankle bone
Term
calcaneus
Definition
heel
Term
metatarsel
Definition
bottom of toe
Term
phalanges
Definition
tips of toes and fingers
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