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Total number of school days & hours; not related to academic achievement |
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Amount of tine scheduled for instruction; 79%; not related to academic achievement |
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Number of minutes instruction is actually delivered; some impact on achievement |
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Attending to ongoing instruction; not a measure of true learning as on-task does not assure increased academic responses |
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Time that students actually spend learning; best predictor of student success |
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The smallest divisible unit of teaching and incorporates interlocking three-term contingencies for both the teacher & student; Antecedent, Response, Consequence |
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Acquisition Stage of Learning |
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Antecedent: "What is 2+2?" Student response "4", Feedback-"Correct" |
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Fluency/Practice Stage of Learning |
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Antecedent: worksheet; Response: writes answers to problems; Feedback: Self-correction w/ answer key |
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Wait time, feedback delay, & intertrial interval |
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Teacher-controlled variables that can be manipulated to control the number of learning trials, learner performances |
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Student controlled variable |
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Active Student Responding (ASR) |
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Frequency of detectable responses that a student emits during ongoing instruction; frequency count of academic response per instructional period (rate/hr) |
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cards, signs, or items that are held up simultaneously by all students to display their response to a question, item, or problem presented by the teacher |
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Preprinted response cards |
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answers are printed or written on a small set of cards |
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preprinted pincher response cards |
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answers are printed or written on a small card; student pinches correct answer with finger or clothespin |
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small blanks cards or boards erased between trials |
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students respond orally in unison; easiest ASR method |
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provides the learner with standard cues to record key facts, concepts, and relationships; keeps teacher on task |
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Instructional method that usually uses teaching machines or computers; Skinner; computer=programmed |
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Personalized System of Instruction |
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Structured instructional materials; self-pacing, 100% mastery, optional lectures; self=personal |
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Scripted small group instruction w/frequent ASR using instructional objectives |
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Direct measurement & continuous monitoring; emphasis on building Bx; fluency; standard celebration chart |
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Say All Fast Minute Everyday Shuffle |
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