Term
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Definition
Haiti
Free people of Haiti
1789
Sought greater political rights and supported Haitian Revolution. |
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Haiti
Leader of Revolt
1743-1803
Freed slaves and gained effective independence for Haiti. |
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South America (Venezuela)
Military Leader of Revolution
1783-1830
Most important military leader in struggle for South American independence; led forces through Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. |
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Term
| Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla |
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Definition
Mexico
Revolutionary Leader and Priest
1753-1811
Led first stage of the Mexican independence war in 1810. |
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Revolutionists
Western Hemisphere
19th Century
Ended the British transatlantic slave trade in 1808 and slavery in British colonies in 1834. Also led to the civil war. |
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Term
| Women's Rights Convention |
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Definition
Pretty self explanatory...
Seneca Falls, New York
1848
Women denied entry to an international antislavery meeting gathered here to discuss their own rights. |
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Term
| agricultural revolution (18 century) |
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Definition
All over the world (Focus on Europe)
Advance in agricultural technology
18th century
Spread of new crops, improvements in cultivation techniques and livestock breeding, and consolidation of small holdings into large farms. |
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Term
| why population grew in 18th century |
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Definition
Europe
The agricultural revolution led to decreased death rates from starvation and malnutrition; Black plague ended; relatively stable political climates. |
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Industry
Before the industrial revolution
Europe
Industry where people manufactured goods from their home, such as lacemaking, sewing, etc; workers often worked part time. Precursors to the industrial revolution. |
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Definition
Manufacturing, transportation, and communication
England first, then spread
1760-1851
Resulted from use of steam engines. |
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Term
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Definition
Self-explanatory..
England
During beginning of industrial revolution
System where each worker played a hand in creating a certain part, or phase, of the item. Reduced the worker to an unskilled commodity that could easily be replaced. |
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Term
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Definition
First appeared in England
Application of machinery to manufacturing and other activities
Late 18-early 19th century
Spinning of cotton and weaving cloth were early processes to be mechanized. |
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Term
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Definition
Inventor
Dartmouth, England
1664-1729
Invented the first working, (though crude), steam engine. His idea was expanded upon and improved by James Watts years later, when it became a practical means of power for transportation and other things. |
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Term
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Definition
machine that turns energy released by burning fuel into motion
1712
First workable engine built by Thomas Newcomen, later improved by James Watt. Later used to power factory machinery, ships, and locomotives. |
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Term
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Definition
1736-1819
Inventor
Scotland
Invented the condenser and other improvements that made the steam engine more practical. The watt was named after him. |
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Term
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Definition
| The manufacture of many identical products by the division of labor into many small repetitive tasks. Introduced to pottery by Josiah Wedgwood |
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Definition
England
1730-1795
Potter
The first to produce fine-quality pottery by industrial methods |
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Definition
A manufacturing technique that breaks down a craft into many simple and repetitive tasks that can be performed by unskilled workers.
Turned workers into a commodity. |
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Definition
A device for rapid, long-distance transmission of information over an electric wire.
Introduced in North America/England in 1830/40s and replaced visual telegraph systems. |
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Definition
Government should refrain from interfering in economic affairs.
Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations" |
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Definition
Philosophy
Developed in France
1790/1800s
Social and economic problems could be solved by the application of the scientific method, leading to continuous progress. |
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Definition
Philosophy
Charles Fourier
early 19th century
Idea of finding an alternative to industrial capitalism by building self-sustaining communities whose inhabitants would work cooperatively. |
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Term
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Definition
1769-1849
Leader of Egyptian modernization in early 19th century
Ruled Egypt as an Ottoman governor |
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Term
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Definition
Ottoman Infantry
1400-1826
Originally of slave origin, were the elite of the Ottoman army. |
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Term
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Definition
Ottoman province in the Balkans
1800s
Rose up against Janissary control in the early 1800s; after World War 2 it dissolved. |
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Term
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Definition
"Restructuring" reforms by 19th cent. Ottoman rulers
Intended to move civil law away from the control of religious elites and make the military and the bureaucracy more efficient. |
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Term
| Interior of the Ottoman Financial Bureau |
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Definition
Painting
Depicted the governing style of the Ottoman Empire before the era of westernizing reforms. |
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Definition
Romania
1853-1856
Conflict between Russian and Ottoman Empires fought primarily in the Crimean peninsula. Britain and France supported the Ottomans to prevent Russian expansion. |
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Definition
| Foreighners can disregard their own country's laws and instead live by the country's laws of which they currently reside. |
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Definition
Movement
Mid-1800s
Movement of young intellectuals to institute liberal reforms and build a feeling of national identity in the Ottoman Empire. |
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Definition
Russian intellectuals
Early 19th century
Favored resisting western European influences and taking pride in the traditional peasant values of the Slavic people. |
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Definition
Movement
Result of Russian defeat in Crimean War
Movement of Russian intellectuals to identify culturally and politically with all Slavic peoples of eastern Europe. |
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Term
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Definition
1825
Revolution against Russian gov't
Russia
Abortive attempt by army officers to take control fo the Russian government upon the death of Tsar Alexander I. |
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Definition
| War started because the Qing empire banned British opium trade with China, which Britain took as an economic threat. |
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Definition
| Treaty that ended the Opium War. It was completely one-sided towards Britain: it denied the Qing the ability to tariff opium, and ceded the island of Hong Kong to Britain. |
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Definition
| Cities opened to foreign residents as a result of the forced treaties between the Qing Empire and foreign signatories. Here, foreigners enjoyed extraterritoriality. |
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Term
| most-favored-nation status |
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Definition
| A clause in a treaty that gives any added signatories the same privelages granted to the original signer. |
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Definition
Civil War
Following the Treaty of Nanking
Civil war that erupted because of Chinese social unhappiness due to foreign intrusion from the treaties. |
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| A people of modern South Africa whom King Shaka united in 1818. |
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| A large muslim state founded in 1809 in what is now northern Nigeria. |
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Definition
| The process of reforming political and cultural traditions in imitation of the early success of Western societies. |
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Definition
| Exports from Africa in the 19th century that did not include the newly outlawed slave trade. |
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Definition
| Africans rescued by Britain's Royal Navy from the illegal slave trade of the 19th century and restored to free status. |
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| A soldier in South Asia, especially in the service of the British. |
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Definition
| A Muslim prince allied to British Indea; technically a semi-autonomous deputy of the Mughal emperor. |
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Definition
| The rule over much of South Asa between 1765 and 1947 by the East India Company and then by a British government. |
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Definition
| The revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 against certain practices that violated religious customs. |
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| The elite professional class of officials who administered the government of British India. |
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Definition
| A movement that demanded greater Indian participation in its own government. |
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Definition
| Large, fast, stream-lined, sailing vessel. The introduction of this technology lowered shipping costs. |
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Definition
| A voluntary agreement binding a person to work for a specified period of years in return for free passage to an overseas desitnation. (Indentured servants) |
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Navy Commander
Broke through the trade barriers tha Japan used to isolate themselves from the rest of the world. |
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Definition
| First built in England in the 1830s. Their success caused a railroad-building boom throughout the world. |
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Term
| submarine telegraph cables |
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Definition
| Insulated copper cables laid along the bottom of the ocean for telegraphic communication. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of iron that is both durable and flexible. Became the most widely used metal. |
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Term
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Definition
Queen Victoria's reign
Late 19th century society; rigid moral standards and sharply differentiated roles b/w men and women. |
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Definition
| Men and women should have clearly differentiated roles in society. |
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Term
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Definition
| Political ideology in Europe. Advocated government protection of workers and no personal property. |
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Definition
| Created to defend the interests of members through strikes or negotiations with employers. |
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Definition
German journalist
Founded Marxist branch of socialism |
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Definition
| Revolutionaries who wanted to abolish all private property and , usually by violence, and replace them with free associations of groups. |
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Political ideology
Stresses people's membership in a nation. (Pride) Was a force for Western European unity, as well as hastened the disintegration of the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires. |
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| Political idealogy that emphasizes civil rights of citezens, representative government, and the protection of private property. Popular among the property-owning middle classes of Europe and North America. |
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Term
| Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) |
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Definition
Italian nationalist and revolutionary
Conquered Sicily and Naples and added them to a unified Italy. |
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Term
| Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898) |
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Definition
Chancellor of Prussia, became chancellor of Germany.
He was a conservative nationalist, and led Prussia to victory against Austria and France, and was responsible for the creation of the German Empire. |
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Term
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Definition
Political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate
Industrialized, centralized, and imperialized Japan. |
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Term
| Charles Darwin (1809-1882) |
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Definition
| Developed the theory of evolution, which challenged the Church. |
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Term
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Definition
Egypt
Shortened the sea voyage between Europe and Asia. |
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Term
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Definition
Late 19th-early 20th century
Conquests
Imperial conquests made by European powers, the United States, and Japan, which were followed by the development and exploitation of the newly conquered territories. |
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Definition
| British victory over the Mahdi in the Sudan in 1898. Showed how European powers had such advanced firearms compared to the countries they were conquering, it was merely like taking candy from a baby. |
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Definition
| Policy by which a nation administers a foreign territory and develops its resources for the benefit for the benefit of the colonial power. |
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Term
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Definition
European powers rushed to take control of Africa in the 1890s.
Britain got most of east-Africa, while France got most of northwestern-Africa. |
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Term
| Henry Morton Stanley (1841-1904) |
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Definition
British-American explorer of Africa
Famous for searching for Dr. David Livingstone.
Helped King Leopold II establish the Congo Free State. |
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Term
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Definition
King of Belgium
Encouraged the exploration of Central Africa and became ruler of the Congo Free State. |
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Term
| Savorgnan de Brazza (1852-1905) |
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Definition
Franco Italian explorer
Sent by French goernment to claim part of equatorial Africa for France.
Founded capital of the French Congo |
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Term
| Berlin Conference (1884-1885) |
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Definition
Called together by Otto von Bismarck
Set rules for the partition of Africa. Came to the creation of the Congo Free State under King Leopald II of Belgium. |
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Definition
South Africans descended from Dutch and French settlers.
Their Great Trek founded new settler colonies in the 19th century.
Held political power imposing a system of racial segregation called apartheid. |
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Definition
| British entrepreneur and politician involved in the expansion of the British Empire from South Africa into Central Africa. |
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Definition
African kingdom
Participated in the Atlantic economy, trading gold, slaves, and ivory.
Resisted British imperial ambitions but nonetheless were absorbed into Britain's Gold Coast colony. |
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Definition
Emperor of Ethiopia
Enlarged Ethiopia and defeated an Italian invasion at Adowa. |
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Term
| Emilio Aguinaldo (1869-1964) |
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Definition
Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain
Proclaimed independence in 1899, but was crushed by the United States Army in 1901. |
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Term
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Definition
Economic dominance of a weaker country by a more powerful one, while maintaining the legal independence of the weaker state.
Characterized the relations between the Latin American republics and Great Britain/United states. |
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Definition
Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States Army engineers.
Shortened sea voyages between east and west coasts of North America by a lot. |
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Definition
Front west of Germany
Most violent stage of battle in WWI
Held the Christmas Cease-fire |
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Definition
Arab prince
Leader of the Arab Revolt in WWI.
Contributed to the Ottoman defeat from British advance into Egypt.
Brits made him king of Iraq for his efforts |
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Definition
| Statement issued by Britain's Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour favoring the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine. |
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Term
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Definition
Radical Marxist political party
Founded by Lenin
Seized power in November 1917 during the Russian revolution. |
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Term
| Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) |
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Definition
Leader of the Bolshevik (later Communist) party
Lead Bolsheviks to victory in the Russian Revolution |
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Term
| Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) |
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Definition
President of the US during WWI
14 points
Established League of Nations
Did not want the war |
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Term
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Definition
Pre-United Nations
United States couldn't join because Wilson's term ended when it was established
Could not prevent WWII |
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Term
| Treaty of Versailles (1919) |
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Definition
Treaty that ended WWI.
Screwed over Germany in many ways.
Demanded that Germany dismantle its military and give up some lands to Poland |
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Definition
Introduced by Lenin
Brought back the old economic system of small private enterprises.
Ended by Joseph Stalin. |
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Definition
English social reformer
Advocated for improving sanitary conditions and public health. |
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Term
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Definition
Discovered the germ theory, which replaced the Miasmatic Theory
He brought about the methods of pasteurization, which is removing diseases from milk/wine. |
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Term
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Definition
1832-Bourgeoisie vote
1867-Working men (Proletariats)
1884-Agricultural laborers, universal |
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Definition
British prime minister
4 Points-
1-public elementary
2-legalized labor unions
3-ended purchased military commissions (buying ranks)
4-enacted civil service exams |
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Term
| Nat'l Insurance Act of 1911 |
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Definition
| Gave old age pensions, unemployment insurance, and workers compensation. |
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Term
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Definition
| believe in personal responsibility, limited government, free markets, individual liberty, traditional American values and a strong national defense. Believe the role of government should be to provide people the freedom necessary to pursue their own goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| believe in governmental action to achieve equal opportunity and equality for all, and that it is the duty of the State to alleviate social ills and to protect civil liberties and individual and human rights. Believe the role of the government should be to guarantee that no one is in need. Believe that people are basically good. |
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