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UNIT 2
chapters 5-7
118
History
11th Grade
10/29/2009

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

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Term
The Ohio Valley
Definition
main reason for conflict between French and British
Term
George Washington
Definition
First president; went to persuade French to leave the Ohio Valley Area
Term
Albany Plan of Union
Definition
Made to put the colonies under a more centralized government
Term
General Edward Braddock
Definition

British General;

Sent to seize Fort Dunquense

Wanted to defeat the French but didn't

Term
Fort Duquesne
Definition

At the headwaters of the Ohio Valley

French controlled

Term
William Pitt
Definition
took control of British military, turned them around, seen as a hero
Term
The Treaty of Paris of 1763
Definition

Ended the 7 Years War

Between Britian and France

Term
Seven Years War
Definition

Also known as the French-Indian War;

Between French and British

Term
George III
Definition

started ruling after 7 years war ended

young and inexperienced

Advisors are Yes-Men; don't help him

Term
War debt
Definition
Britain was in great debt after the Seven Years War
Term
Pontiac's Rebellion
Definition
Ottawa Indians sacked British forts; in the end Indians had to make peace to British
Term
The Proclamation of 1763
Definition
Made by George III to make peace with Indians
Forbids colonists to go past Appalachians
Good because it kept Indians and Colonists apart
Bad because it angered colonists
Term
The Writs of Assistance
Definition
Gave soldiers the power to search homes at any time they wanted
Term
The Sugar Act
Definition
Replaced the Molasses act
Will be enforced
Lower tax ---> made colonists feel like they were being tricked
Term
George Grenville
Definition
British Prime Minister
Ordered the navy to enforce the Sugar Act
Term
The Stamp Act
Definition
1765
Tax on legal papers/newspapers
First direct tax
Colonists now saw the tax they were paying for and it reminded them every time they bought something how unfair this was
Term
The Currency Act
Definition
1764
British made colonists use gold and silver; paper money was banned
Made because all colonies used different money so it was too hard to collect taxes
Made colonists angry because they now had to barter
Term
direct tax
Definition
Tax that was added when you bought something
Term
indirect tax
Definition
Tax that was already hidden in the price
Term
Virtual Representation
Definition
said Parliament represented everyone equally
Term
The Sons of Liberty
Definition
Group of people (anti-British)
Term
Stamp Act Congress, Importance?
Definition
Colonial assemblies
Important because they were all able to agree that Great Britain cannot tax colonists
Term
Non-importation strategy
Definition
Boycotting British goods until the taxes were lifted
Term
The Declaratory Act
Definition
1766
Revoked the Stamp Act
Showed the colonies that Britain was still the boss
Term
The Quartering Act
Definition
1765
Colonists have to provide homes and barracks for troops
Angers colonists-feel oppressed by soldiers
Term
Natural Rights
Definition
life liberty and property
Term
Republicans
Definition
Wanted states/people to have power
Term
Samuel Adams
Definition
Mass. Assemblyman
Term
Charles Townshend
Definition
British Prime Minister, came into power after William Pitt
Term
Townshend Duties
Definition
1767
made taxes indirect on household objects
caused more boycotts
Term
John Dickinson
Definition
Wrote 12 essays of why Parliament can only tax in certain cases
Term
James Otis
Definition
asked Mass. Legislature to oppose the Townshend Duties
Term
Spinning Bees
Definition
group of women who sewed clothing so they did not need to buy British clothing
Term
John Hancock
Definition
Rich Merchant
Term
Crispus Attucks
Definition
leader of rebellions
Term
Boston Massacre
Definition
1770
Mod of Bostonians threatened redcoats
In confusion shots were fired and 5 colonists died
Term
John Adams
Definition
2nd President (1797-1801; Federalist
Term
Lord North
Definition
New Prime Minister;
wanted to make peace so made a partial repeal of Townshend duties- all but tea tax (1770)
Term
The Committees of Correspondence
Definition
Made by Samuel Adams
1 person from each community would be responsible for exchanging information and defend colonial rights
Term
Treaty of Fort Stanwix
Definition
1768
Britain and 6 Nations of Iroquois
agreed to grant Indian land along Ohio River to government
Term
The Regulators
Definition
North Carolina group of backcountry settlers who wanted to restore law and order
Term
The Molasses Act
Definition
1733
Tax on molasses
Not enforced - salutary neglect
Term
The Tea Act of 1773
Definition
British East India Tea Company lowered the price of tea but kept tax to end boycotts
Term
Boston Tea Party
Definition
Bostonians dressed as Indians and poured British tea into harbor in response to Tea Act of 1773
Term
James Somerset
Definition
Slave who sued his master for freedom and won
Term
Lord Dunmore's proclamation
Definition
He would free any slave that restored royal authority
Term
Coercive Acts
Definition
AKA Intolerable Acts
1774

designed to punish colonists for Boston Tea Party
Closed Boston until tea was paid
Shut Mass. gov down
Made any murder trial help in England
Made colonists think king was a tyrant
Caused first Continental Congress
Term
The Quebec Act
Definition
1774
Created huge French colony around Great Lakes
Made French like king
Made colonists mad because it was their land
Term
1st Continental Congress
Definition
Meeting in response to Intolerable Acts
Told King they would fight him
Term
Loyalists
Definition
aka Tories, those who supported British
Term
Lexington
Definition
British marched to Lexington to find guns, ammo, Adams, and Hancock
Minutemen and British fight
Stat of War
1775
Term
Concord
Definition
British marched to Lexington to find guns, ammo, Adams, and Hancock
Minutemen and British fight
Stat of War
1775
Term
Revere, Dawes, and Prescott
Definition
Told minute men that the British were coming to Lexington and Concord
Term
Battle at Bunker Hill
Definition
British to kick minutemen out of Boston,
British won but lost many men
Term
Battle at Fort Ticonderoga
Definition
British Fort,
Ethan Allan and his Green Mountain Boys get cannons and drag them to Boston
Caused 2nd Continental Congress
Term
2nd Continental Congress
Definition
Made by Washington
Tell king again that they will fight
Proposed Independence with the help of Richard Henry Lee
Term
Common Sense
Definition
written by Thoman Paine, told Americans that don't need Britain, got them in the mindset to rebel
Term
A Committee of Five
Definition
Made the draft of the Declaration of Independence
Adams, Franklin, Jefferson, and others
Term
Patriots or Whigs
Definition
those who supported Revolution
Term
Hessians
Definition
German armed forces that British enlisted
Term
Summer 1775
Definition
King Declares Rebellion
Term
July 2nd, 1776
Definition
Vote On Independence
Voted YES
Term
June 7th, 1776
Definition
Writing of declaration
Term
July 4th, 1776
Definition
Approval of declaration
Term
The Declaration of Independence
Definition
Theory of Government = democracy
27 reasons why the king is a tyrant
Declared War
Term
Battle of Saratoga
Definition
Americans win
Convinces French to come help them
TURNING POINT
Term
Lord Charles Cornwallis
Definition
British Officer who defeated colonists many times
Term
Lafayette, Polaski, Von Steuben
Definition
Helped Washington
Term
Treaty of Paris, 1783
Definition
1783
Ended War
America is independent
Term
Land gotten from Revolution
Definition
East: Atlantic
West: Mississippi
North: Great Lakes
South: Florida
Term
What was the first congress?
Definition
The 2nd Continental Congress
Very weak because there was no central power
All power in states
No written guidelines
Term
Articles of Confederation
Definition
1st Written Constitution
Weak to prevent tyranny
Made in 1776 kept until 1787
Most power in state governments
Run by Congress
Term
System of Written Land Titles
Definition
solved problem of fights over land ownership
Term
Land Ordinance of 1785
Definition
Created orderly land settlement system
Land surveyed in 6x6 mile township
1 section sold to raise money for school
Term
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Definition
created government for NW territory
could create 3-5 states out of area
created OH, Indiana, IL, Michigan, Wisc
Term
Rules for 5 NW states
Definition
slavery banned
education promoted
Native Americans to be treated equally
Term
Flaws in Articles of Confederation
Definition
- couldnt tax
- couldnt regulate interstate trade
- unable to enforce law/treaties
- only Congress, no law enforcer

- All states were equal (big states felt cheated
- Weak National Gov
Term
Shay's Rebellion
Definition
group of farmers who tried to shut down government
Made people fear there would be an anarchy
Term
Constitutional Convention
Definition
In Philadelphia in 1787
Wanted to fix Articles
Term
The Great Compromise
Definition
Made 2 Parts to Congress
1 based on population
1 equal for all states
Term
3/5 Compromise
Definition
Made 1 slave = 3/5 of a person (for voting, favored south)
Term
The Commerce Compromise
Definition
could tax Imports and not exports
Term
Slave Trade Compromise
Definition
Until 1807 Congress cannot tax more than $10
After 1807 slave trade could be banned
Term
Presidential Compromise
Definition
President is picked by electoral college
Term
Bill of Rights
Definition
Outlined freedoms
Protected people from gov and each other
Term
Jay-Gardoqui Treaty
Definition
Treaty made by John Jay to open Spanish markets to eastern merchants; rejected by Congress
Term
Virginia Plan
Definition
made by Madison in response to problem with what to do with Articles
made strong central government
Term
New Jersey Plan
Definition
recommended a congress where each state had equal vote
Term
Connecticut Compromise
Definition
AKA Great Compromise
Broke Congress into 2 parts
Term
Checks and Balances
Definition
prevented one branch from dominating others
Term
federalists
Definition
those who supported Constitution
Term
anti-federalists
Definition
those who opposed Constitution
Term
The Federalists Papers
Definition
written by Madison and Hamilton to make people support Constitution
Term
The Cabinet
Definition
Group of people appointed by President to help him
Term
Jefferson
Definition
Enemy of Hamilton
Democratic Republican
Washington's Secretary of State
Term
Judiciary Act of 1789
Definition
Created court system
Term
11th amendment
Definition
made it so federal courts could not sue other state's government

(Chisholm vs. Georgia)
Term
Report on Public Credit
Definition
Written by Hamilton
Gave recommendations to strengthen economy
1. Gov should pay debt
2. Capital moved to Virginia to gain their support
Term
The Report on a National Bank
Definition
Hamilton wanted a National Bank
1. Place to store money
2. can create uniform currency
3. allows money to flow across country
Term
Strict Interpretation of Constitution
Definition
Jefferson/ Democratic Republicans
No National Bank
Term
Loose Interpretation of Constitution
Definition
Hamilton and Federalists
wanted National Bank
Strong National Gov
Term
Reports on Subject of Manufacturers
Definition
Made by Hamilton to provide employment, promote emigration, and expand use of technology
Term
Whiskey Rebellion
Definition
Result of Excise Tax
Group of 500 burned homes and tarred people
Washington led troops to stop it
Showed people that they must follow law and cannot use violence to protest
Term
Protective Tariff
Definition
Raise price of foreign goods to force people to buy American goods
Never got passed
instead Revenue Tariff did
Term
Revenue Tariff
Definition
lowered foreign price but put a tax on it so people by foreign good but US gets money from tax
Term
Mint Act of 1792
Definition
Crated dollar system based on 10
Easier to buy and sell
Term
Excise Tax
Definition
Put a tax on Whiskey
Helped pay debt
Term
Proclamation of Neutrality
Definition
US not taking sides in War between French and British

(Washington's presidency)
Term
Jay's Treaty
Definition
With Britain
Tried to settle problems with them over the fact that they would not leave the US, kept stopping their ships from trading with French, and kidnapping US sailors

GOt them to move out of US
Hamilton was a traitor because he told them the US would never got to war with them so they didnt have to give us all that we wanted

Showed that Britain is talking to us, makes spanish nervous
Term
Pinckney Treaty
Definition
with Spain
Solved problems over use of Mississippi (opened it up) and made border with Florida
Term
Election of 1796
Definition
Between Adams and Jefferson
Adams won but Jefferson was made VP (Hamiltons doing)
Term
XYZ Affair
Definition
There was a French Crisis so Adams sent people to talk to French but they wouldnt negotiate unless we bribed them, US said no
Term
Quasi War
Definition
Fake war in ocean between French and Americans after Adams said we wouldnt go to war (even though Feds wanted it, he gave up his reputation for the good of the country)
Term
Alien and Sedition Acts
Definition
Must live here for 14 years (or born here) to become citizen (Naturalization Act)

Alien acts said the President could kick out any foreign person he wanted to (Alien and Alien Enemies Act)

People could not talk badly about the government (Sedition Act)
Term
Washington's Farewell Address
Definition
Said political parties will tear the country apart
Term
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Definition
Made by Madison (VA) and Jefferson (KY)
said that the states should rule things constitutional or not because they made the supreme courts so they are their bosses
Term
The Election of 1800
Definition
Adams vs Jefferson/Burr
Adams lost but tie between Jefferson and Burr

House couldn't decide in the end Feds gave Jefferson 1 vote to win
Term
State's Rights Theory of Government
Definition
Statement made in VA and KY Resolutions
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