Term
An enthymeme includes three things:
a ______,
a _________,
and a __________.
For each premise, _______ is provided, making enthymemes contain ___ total elements to them. |
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Definition
A claim,
a minor premise,
a major premise,
support,
five |
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Term
| The _______ model takes enthymemes further. Similar to enthymemes, the _____ is the first element. In place of the minor premise is the _______. This is supported by the _______, which is really data or statistics that can support the _______. Following that, in place of the major premise, is the _______. This is supported by a specific _________. Following that, the claim is finally grouped with a _______. This and the claim together can lead to a ________. A _______ doesn't have to be there, however the purpose of it is to offer a possible rebuttal. Overall, this model has ___ elements |
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Definition
Toulman,
claim,
reason,
grounds,
reason,
warrant,
backing,
qualifier,
reservation,
reservation,
7 elements |
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Term
| What placement can many grammar tools appear in (3)? |
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Definition
opener,
subject-verb split,
and closer |
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Term
| _____ sentence structure, ______, and _______ are a few of the many reasons to expand on your grammar. |
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Definition
varied sentence structure,
style,
emphasis |
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Term
| On the test, you'll have to determine the form and function of underlined phrases in sentences. Nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs will be the only ______ on the test. The forms desrice what type of ____ it is, such as an infinitive phrase, participal phrase, a prepositional phrase, and so on. |
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Definition
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Term
| An infinitive phrase can be recognized because it begins with an ________ (this means it will begin with "__" + a simple from of a ____). ______ will normally be included in them. Infinitive phrases can only function as a ____, _____, or ______. |
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Definition
infinitive,
to,
verb
a Modifier,
noun, adjective, or adverb
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Term
(To punctuate infinitive phrases correctly)
_____
If the phrase is introducing the main clause, use a ____ to seperate them. If the phrase is interrupting the main clause, use a comma ____ and ____ the phrase. If the phrase concludes a main clause, you ____ need to use a comma |
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Definition
comma,
before and after,
DON'T |
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Term
| A participle phrase will begin with a ___ or _____ participle. If the participle is present, it will end with -___. A past participle will end with -___. Particples will always act as ______, desribing the noun of the sentence. DO NOT CONFUSE PARTICIPLE PHRASES WITH ______ phrases. These types of phrases also end in -____, which makes them easy to confuse with participle phrases. However, the difference is that these types of phrases act as ____. |
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Definition
past or present,
ing,
ed,
adjectives,
gerund,
ing,
nouns |
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Term
| ______ are words, phrases, or clauses that provide description in sentences. Modifiers can be a variety of things, such as adjectives, adverbs, infinitive phrases, participle phrases, prepositional phrases, and adverb clauses. Expect to see it in the form of ____ and ____. |
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Definition
Modifiers,
adjectives and adverbs |
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Term
| A prepositional phrase will always begin with a preposition ((Think of examples) Some examples are ___,____,______,____,___ etc.), and they will end with a noun, pronoun, clause, or gerund. A prepositional phrase will always functin as an _____ or ______. If it acts as an adjective, then it will answer the question of "_____." As an adverb, a preposition will answer the question of "___", "_____", or "_____". A prepositional phrase will NEVER have the _____ of a sentence in it. |
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Definition
inside, away, from, under, above, outside, by, at, with, along, about, without, etc.
adjective or adverb,
Which,
How, When, or Where,
subject |
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Term
| Multiples verbs is a form that is exactly what it sounds like: There are multiple ____ in a phrase/sentence. Opening verbs are verbs that ____ a sentence (Ex. Alive, the girl crawled out of the train). |
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Definition
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Term
| After a negative adverb ((think of some examples) examples are _____,_____,_____,_____, etc.), the verb must be _______. |
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Definition
hardly ever, never, seldom, nowhere, hardly, only by, etc.
inverted |
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Term
Irregular verb forms are something to pay attention to. For instance, LIE vs. LAY. The difference is that lie is referencing ____, while lay is referencing _______. Name the past, present, and future tense of each form:
LIE --------> P= , PR= , F=
LAY ---------> P= , PR= , F= |
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Definition
Lie references YOU,
lay references SOMETHING ELSE,
LIE --> P= lain, PR= lay, F= lying
LAY --> P= laid, PR= laid, F= laying |
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Term
| The best way to repair misplaced modifiers is to place the modifier right next to ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| You would want to use inverted verbs to draw attention to either the _______ or the _____. You would NEED to use an inverted verb in grammatical situations with _________ (Examples are: never have I..., rarely do I..., nowehere do I see...). Inverted verbs are verbs that precede (AKA are ____) the subject |
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Definition
end of the sentence,
of the subject of the sentence,
negative adverbs,
before,
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Term
| Closing adjectives can be in place at the ____ or in a ________. They are basically any adjective that isn't in the _______ of the sentence. |
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Definition
end,
subject-verb split,
beginning |
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Term
COMMENCE EVERYDAY CH. 3 + 4 QUESTIONS |
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Definition
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Term
| Diction = ______. It comes from the Latin word ____, meaning style of speech. |
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Definition
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Term
| S.I. Hayawaka wrote the book Language of Thought. In it, he created the "___________", which he believed a good author should be able to manuever easily. At the top of the ladder were _____ terms (ex. justice or transportation), in the middle was somewhat ______ terms (ex. automobiles or juvenile court), and at the bottom of the ladder were _____/_____ terms. |
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Definition
the ladder of abstraction,
general terms,
specific terms,
specific/concrete terms |
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Term
| Arrangement in it's basic and general form includes a beginning, middle, and end. Aristotle believed that an arugment always needed a "_____", which would provide points and analysis that would support the argument, however the intro/conclusion could be optional. Plato believed that an argument ____ need all three parts |
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Definition
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Term
| Teachers in ancient Rome used to teach their students to produce a six-part speech, specifically for the genre of ___________. The six parts were the exordium (the _____), the narration (the ______ info.), the partition (statement(s) that would determine the ___ of _____ clearly to the audience), the conformation (provided _____/_____), the refutation (the consideration of possible ______ and the effort to counter them), and the peroration (the ______ of the entire argument AKA conclusion). This helps modern rhetors plans their arguments today. |
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Definition
courtroom declamations,
introduction,
background,
points of discussion,
reasons/examples,
rebuttals/opposing arguments,
culmination,
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Term
| Old English was originally a ______ language, but in the British Isles Old English was ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Latin diction was passed onto the common man by ________ after the _____ invasion brought it to them |
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Definition
nobility,
norman invasion |
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Term
| Denotation means the ______ meaning of a word, while connotation means an _______ or _______ that a word evokes |
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Definition
literal meaning,
association or emtion |
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Term
| One of the most honored ways to elaborate one's style is to empoly the "________", which involves two different principles (S+T). A _______ is a creative arrangement of words in sentences. A ______ is a creative way of expressing/delivering an idea. |
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Definition
figures of rhetoric,
scheme,
trope |
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Term
| Schemes need _____. The most common scheme involving balance is _______, which uses the same garammatical structure for similar items. There can be _________ of words, clauses, and phrases |
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Definition
balance,
parralelism,
parralelism |
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Term
| A _______ is a figure in which more than one item us governed by a single word (normally a ____). The parralelism of words, phrases, and clauses is an example. |
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Definition
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Term
| Another scheme involving balance is ________. It is parralelism that's used to ______ words, phrases, or clauses. It is used in order to focus on ______. A scheme that is easily confused with it this is an_______, which is when words are repeated in different grammatical forms. |
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Definition
antithesis,
juxtapose,
differences,
antimetabole |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Schemes involve ______, when a writer needs to interrupt the flow of a passage in order to provide neccessary information. There are two specific schemes to achieve this. One of them (and most commonly used) is _________. The other scheme is an __________. Now this is a construction in which two ________ elements are set side by side, and the second explains the first (ex. Joe Weiderm, a pioneer in personal weight training, would marvel at the facilities open to today's student athletes). |
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Definition
interruption,
parenthesis,
appositive,
cooperating |
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Term
| When a writer needs to have the audience focus on a certain ______ effect on prose or heighten _____, they need to use _________. There are two specific schemes useful to achieve this, which are ellipsis and asyndeton. A ____________ is an omission of _________ between related clauses (ex. I skated, I shot, I scored, I cheered- what a glorious moment of sport). A _________ is any omission of words, the meaning of which is provided by the overall context of the passage. |
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Definition
dramatic effect,
rhythm of a sentence,
omission,
asyndeton,
conjunctions,
ellipsis |
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Term
Schemes involving repitition of _____ or _____ can lead the reader to pay closer attention to prose. There are many schemes to achieve this, for different situations. Alliteration is repitition of ______ sounds, while Assonance is repitition of _______ sounds. ______ is repitition of the same group of words at the _________ of successive clauses, while Espistrophe is repetition of the same group of words at the _________ of successive clauses.
_________ is the repition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the _______ clause. Climax is the repitition of words, phrases, or clauses in order of increasing _____ or _______. |
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Definition
sounds or words,
consonant,
vowel,
Anaphora,
beginning,
end,
Anadiplosis,
following,
number or importance |
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Term
| Overall, schemes will involve ________, ________, _________, or _________. |
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Definition
| repetition, interruption, ommision, or balance |
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Term
| Overall, tropes will involve _________, ________, ________, or _________. |
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Definition
comparisons,
word play,
over/understatement,
or management of meaning |
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Term
| The most important trope involving comparison is _______, a comparison between two objects without using "like" or "as". ______ is a comparison that uses "like" or "as". A ______ is when a part of something used to refer to the whole (ex. We could rearrange the gym equitment if everyone would lend a hand). Metonymy is an _____ that is referred to by one of it's ________. ________ is when an inanimate object is given human characteristics. _________ is a descriptive word or phrase that is used to refer to _________. |
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Definition
metaphor,
simile,
Synecdoche,
entity,
attributes,
Personification,
Periphrasis,
a proper name |
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Term
| If a writer wants to entertain his audience, he can do so by using _______. The most common trope to do this is the ____, which a word that suggests two meanings. ________ is when one part of speech, usually a ____, substitutes for another, usually a _____ (ex. When the Little Leaguers lost the championship, they needed just to have a good cry before they could feel okay about their season). Onomatopoeia is when the ______ of words are related to their ______. |
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Definition
Word-Play,
pun,
Anthimeria,
verb,
noun,
sounds,
meaning/definition |
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Term
If a writer wants to help the reader see an _____ or _____ clearly, they can do so by ________ or _______ it.
The trope of _________ is called hyperbole (ex. he couldn't make that shot again if he tried a million times), while the trope for _______ is called ______ (ex. shutting out the opponents for three straight games is no small feat for a goaltender). |
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Definition
idea or point,
overstating or understating it,
overstating,
understating is called litotes,
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Term
| Some tropes are really techniques that allow a writer to play with the _____ and _______ of ideas in strategic ways. A popular way to do this is by using _____, when words are meant to convey the ______ of their true meaning. A _________, words that have apparently _______ meanings are placed near each other, is another way to do this. A Rhetorical Question is another way to achieve this, by asking a question that is designed not to get an idea but to move the development of an ____. |
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Definition
meaning and development,
Irony,
opposite,
Oxymoron,
contradictory,
idea |
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Term
| The five canons of rhetoric are... |
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Definition
| invention, delivery, arrangement, style, and memory |
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Term
| The three processes of writing are ______, _______, and _________ (in order). However, a good writer can move across these as they wish. |
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Definition
Inventing,
Drafting,
Revising |
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Term
| ________ refers to developing a grood argument. It is here where you can use the canons of _______ and ______ to first ________ and develop argument you want to make. After that, you need to begin ______ in order to decide what information or example you will use as the backing for your major premise. These three components of _______, ______, and ______ make up the first part of the process of writing. |
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Definition
Invention,
invention and memory,
investigate
planning,
invention, investigation, and planning |
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Term
| _________ is the second step in the process of writing, wherein you write your first rough draft |
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Definition
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Term
| Step three of the writing process is _______. You start this process by _______ AKA ____ reviewing in order to gain insight on improvement you can make from a "fresh" reader. Then, you can start ______ your draft in order to determine what should be fixed. The final step is ______, where you can make all of the adjustments you want before having it be reread. This is when you can consider the _____, _______, and ________ canons further in order to create the best argument you can. |
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Definition
Revising,
Consulting,
peer reviewing,
revising,
editing,
style, arrangement, and delivery |
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