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| allows detection of genotype of the dominant phenotype |
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aa- recessive disorder
Ex.
Phenylketonuria
Cystic fibrosis
Sickle Cell Anemia |
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| Cross between individuals heterozygous for two characters. Used to test whether characters transmitted independently. |
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| Law of independent assortment |
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| alleles assort independently during gamete formation |
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| neither allele is dominant over the other rather codominant, so when a red and white flower are crossed a pink flower formed. but red and white flowers are also available. |
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Blood is an example,
IaIa or Iai = A type
IbIb or Ibi= B type
IaIb= AB type
ii= O type
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Additive effects of two or more genes on a phenotypic character
1.) Skin Colour
2.) Height
Incompletely dominance |
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Humans: X linked
males: XY
female: XX
X linked disorders males only need one recessive allele to have it
H: normal clotting
h: hemophilia
XHY: Normal clotting
XhY= Hemophilia
XHXh: normal clotting, female
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Genetic plus environmental component
Heart Disease, diabetes, cancers among others
Genetic predisposition |
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single gene with multiple phenotypic effects
ex. the allele causing sickle cell disease in humans |
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| Effect of Environment on Phenotype |
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#Functional Sweat Glands
#Red Blood Cells
Skin Colors
Height
Flower color |
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