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| a very small particle that makes up most kinds of matter and consists of smaller parts called protons, neutrons, and electrons |
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| average mass of an atom of an element |
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| number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of a given element; is the top number in the periodic table |
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| any change of a material into a new material with different properties |
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| shorthand form for wirting what reactants are used and what products are formed in a chemical reaction |
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| characteristic of something that permits its change to something new |
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| process that produces chemical change, resulting in new substances that have properties different from those of the original substances |
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| a substance produced when elements combine and whose properties are different from each of the elements in it |
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| change of matter from a gas to a liquid state |
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| physical property of matter that can be found by dividing the matter's mass by its volume |
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| invisible, negatively charged particle located in a cloudlike formation that surrounds the nucleus of an atom |
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| area where negatively charged electrons, arranged in energy levels, travel around an atom's nucleus |
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| chemical symbol for an element, surrounded by as many dots as there are electrons in its outer energy level |
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| natural or synthetic material that cannot be broken down into simpler materials by ordinary means; has unique properties and is generally classified as a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal |
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| chemical reaction in which heat energy is absorbed |
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| chemical reaction in which heat energy is released |
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| change of matter from a liquid state to a solid state |
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| matter that does not have a definite shape or volume; has particles that move at high speeds in all directions |
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| type of mixture where the substances are not evenly mixed |
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| type of mixture where two or more substances are evenly mixed on a molecular level but are not bonded together |
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| attraction that is oppositely charged ions close together |
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| law of conservation of matter |
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| states that matter is not created or destroyed but only changes its form |
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| matter with a definite volume but no definite shape that can flow from one place to another |
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| amount of matter in an object |
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| sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
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| anything that takes up space and has mass |
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| change of matter from a solid state to a liquid state |
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| element that is malleable, ductile, a good conductor of electricity, and generally has a shiny or metallic luster |
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| element that has characteristics of both metals and nonmetals and is a solid at room temperature |
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| a combination of compounds and elements that has not formed a new substance and whose proportions can be changed without changing the mixture's identity |
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| neutral particle formed when atoms share electrons |
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| an uncharged particle located in the nucleus of an atom |
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| elements that are usually gases or brittle solids and poor conductors of electricity and heat; are the basis of the chemicals of life |
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| positively charged, central part of an atom |
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| any change in the size, shape, form, or state of matter in whcih the matter's identity remains the same |
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| any characteristic of matter-such as color, shape, and taste-that can be detected by the senses without changing the identity of the matter |
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| solid that comes back out of its solution because of a chemical reaction or physical change |
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| substance that forms as a result of a chemical reaction |
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| positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom and that is counted to identify the atomic number |
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| substance that exists before a chemical reaction |
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| describes how easily something reacts with something else |
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| compounds made of a metal and a nonmetal that are formed along with water when acids and bases react with each other |
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| element, such as silicon, that is a poorer electrical conductor than a metal, but a better conductor than a nonmetal, and whose electrical conductivity can be changed by adding impurities |
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| International System of Units, related by multiples of ten, designed to proved a worldwide standard of physical measurement |
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| matter with a definity shape and volume; has tightly packed particles that move mainly by vibrating |
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| measure of how much solute can be dissolved in a certain amount of solvent |
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| substance that dissolves and seems to disappear into another substance |
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| homogeneous mixture whose elements and/or compounds are evenly mixed at the molecular level but are not bonded together |
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| substance that dissolves the solute |
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| physical property that describes a substance as a solid, liquid, or gas |
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| matter with a fixed composition whose identity can be changed by chemical processes but not by ordinary physical processes |
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| change of matter from a liquid state to a gas |
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| the amount of space an object occupies |
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| a measurement of force that depends on gravity; measured in newtons |
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