Term
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Definition
| To provide natural explanations for events in the natural world in order to understand patterns in the nature and make useful predictions about natural events. |
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| Scientific methodology is |
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Definition
| Observing and asking questions, making inferences and forming hypotheses, conducting controlled experiments, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions |
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| What do scientists use to generate new ideas? |
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Definition
| Curiosity, skeptism, open-mindedness, and creativity |
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| Why publish peer-reviewed articles in scientific journals? |
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Definition
| To allow researchers to share ideas and to test and evaluate each other's work |
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| Well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observationa and hypotheses which enable scientists to make accurate predictions about new situations. |
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| Explain the context in society and it's limitations |
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Definition
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Term
| List the characteristics of living things. |
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Definition
| Made up of units called cells which are based on a universal genetic code, obtain and use materials and energy, grow and develop, reproduce, respond to their environment, maintain a stable internal environment, and change over time. |
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| List the interlocking big ideas which comprise the study of biology. |
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Definition
| Cellular basis of life; information and heredity; matter and energy; growth, development, and reproduction; homeostasis; evolution; structure and function; unity and diversity of life; interdependence in nature; and science as a way of knowing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Many overlapping fields that use different tools to study life from the level of molecules to the entire planet. |
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| most scientists use _____________ system of measurement when collecting data and performing experiments. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ make ___________ which can lead to ___________, ___________, and ___________ which can be tested by _____________, ________________, and ________________. |
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Definition
| Scientists; observations; inferences; forming hypotheses; questions; collecting data; controlled experiments; drawing conclusions |
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Term
the statement "the worm is 2 centimeters long" is a(n)
A. Observation C. Inference
B. Theory D. hypothesis |
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Definition
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An inference is
A. The same as an observation
B. A logical interpretation of an observation
C. A statement involving numbers
D. A way to avoid bias. |
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To be useful in science, a hypothesis must be
A. Measureable
B. Observable
C. Testable
D. Correct |
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Which statement about a controlled experiment is true?
A. All the variables must be kept the same.
B. Only one variable is tested at a time.
C. Everything can be studied by setting up a controlled experiment.
D. Controlled experiments cannot be performed on living things. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the goals of science? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does an observation about an object differ from an inference about that object? |
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Definition
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| How does a hypothesis help scientists understand the natural world? |
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Definition
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| Why does it make sense for scientists to test just one variable at a time in an experiment? |
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Definition
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Term
| Distinguish between an experimental group and a control group. |
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Definition
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| What steps are involved in drawing a conclusion? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can a graph of data be more informative than a table of the same data? |
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Definition
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| Suggest an experiment that would show whether one food is better than another at speeding an animal's growth. |
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Definition
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| Explain why you cannot draw a conclusion about the effect of one variable in an investigation when the other key variables are not controlled. |
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Definition
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A skeptical attitude in science
A. Prevents scientists from accepting new ideas
B. Encourages scientists to readily accept new ideas.
C. Means a new idea will only be accepted if it is backed by evidence.
D. Is unimportant |
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Definition
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Term
The purpose of peer review in science is to insure that
A. The same as a hypothesis
B. A well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations.
C. The same as the conclusion of an experiment
D. The first step in a controlled experiment. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are scientific theories useful? |
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Definition
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| Why aren't theories considered absolute truths? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is it misleading to describe science as a collection of facts? |
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Definition
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Term
| How would having a scientific attitude help you in everyday activities, for example, in trying to learn a new skill? |
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Definition
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| If you were one of the anonymous reviewers of a paper submitted for publication, what criteria would you use to determine whether or not the paper should be published? |
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Definition
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Term
The process in which two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism is called
A. Homeostasis
B. Development
C. Asexual reproduction
d. Sexual reproduction |
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Definition
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Term
The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable is called
a. Metabolism
b. A genome
c. Evolution
d. Homeostasis |
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Definition
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Term
How are unicellular and multicellular organisms alike?
How are they different? |
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Definition
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| Give an example of changes that take place as cells in a multicellular organism differentiate |
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Definition
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| List three examples of stimuli that a bird responds to. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemical bonds join together the molecules and compounds of life. Water and carbon compounds play essential roles in organisms, which carry out chemical reactions in their daily life processes. |
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Definition
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| The subatomic particles that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons. |
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Definition
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| All isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons. |
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Definition
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| The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed. |
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Definition
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Term
| The main types of chemical bonds are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. |
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Definition
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Term
| Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, it is able to form multiple hydrogen bonds, which account for many of its special properties. |
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Definition
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Term
| Water's polarity gives it the ability to dissolve both ionic compounds and other polar molecules. |
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Definition
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| Buffers play an important role in maintaining homeostasis in organisms. |
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Definition
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| Carbon can bond with many elements, including hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen to form the molecules of life. |
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Definition
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| Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy. Plants, some animals, and other organisms also use carbohydrates for structural purposes. |
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Definition
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| Lipids can be used to store energy. Some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary, or genetic information. |
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Definition
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| Some proteins control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes. Some proteins build tissues such as bone and muscle. Other transport materials or help to fight disease. |
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Definition
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| Chemical reactions always involve changes in the chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds. |
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Definition
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| Chemical reactions that release energy often occur spontaneously. Chemical reactions that absorb energy will not occur without a source of energy. |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| Temperature, pH, and regulatory molecules can affect the activity of enzymes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Create a table in which you compare the structures and functions of the following macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. |
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Definition
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Term
| Positively charged particle |
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Definition
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Term
| Two or more different atoms combined in definite proportion are ______________. |
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Definition
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| A covalent bond is formed by the __________ of electrons. |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the relationship among atoms, elements, and compounds. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a radioactive isotope? Describe two scientific uses of radioactive isotopes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe how atoms in a compound are held together. |
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Definition
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Term
| Distinguish among single, double, and triple covalent bonds. |
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Definition
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Term
| Make a diagram like the one in figure 2-4 to show how chlorine and hydrogen form from the compound hydrogen chloride, HCl. |
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Definition
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Term
| A nanometer is one billionth of a meter. If one 100,000,000 atoms make a row 1 centimeter in length, what is the diameter of one atom in nanometers? |
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Definition
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Term
| When you shake sugar and sand together, you cause them to form a __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A compound that produces hydrogen ions in a solution is a(n) ______________. |
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Definition
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| Compared to most other substances, a great deal of heat is needed to raise the temperature by a given amount. This is because water __________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the properties of cohesion and adhesion. Give an example of each property |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the relationship between solutions, solutes, and solvents. |
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Definition
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Term
| How are acids and bases different? How do their pH values differ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Silica is a hard glassy material that does not dissolve in water. Suppose sodium chloride is accidentally mixed with silica. Describe a way to remove the sodium chloride. |
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Definition
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Term
| As part of the digestive process, the human stomach produces hydrochloride acid, HCl. Sometimes excess acid causes discomfort. In such a case a person might take an antacid such as magnesium hydroxide. Explain how this substance can reduce the amount of acid in the stomach. |
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Definition
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Term
| Proteins are polymers formed from ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the relationship between monomers and polymers using polysaccharides as an example. |
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Definition
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Term
| Identify 3 major roles of proteins. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the parts of a nucleotide. |
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Definition
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Term
| An enzyme speeds up a reaction by ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a chemical reaction a reactant binds to an enzyme at a region known as the ______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the two types of energy changes that can occur in a chemical reaction. |
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Definition
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Term
| What relationship exists between an enzyme and a catalyst? |
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