Term
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Definition
-most difficult type of pain to assess and treat
-Pain percieved long after site of injury heals
-injury or improper function of CNS or peripheral nerves
Burning or stabbing pain |
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Term
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Definition
-originates from the larger interior organs (i.e., kidney, stomach, intestine, gallbladder, pancreas)
-poorly localized
-originates in cranium, thorax, abdomen
-results from direct injury to organ, or from strething of the organ from tumor, ischemia, distention, or severe contraction |
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Term
somatic pain
(AKA deep somatic pain!) |
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Definition
-diffuse or scattered pain
-originating in ligaments, tendons, bones, nerves, blood vessels, joints |
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Term
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Definition
-superficial sharp pain usually involving the skin or SQ
-sharp or burning sensation |
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Term
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Definition
-originates from another location but is felt at a particular site
-MI refers to neck, left arm |
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Term
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Definition
To bear or undergo pain, distress or injury
-suffering is an overwhelming experience
-human suffering is directly related to pain |
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Term
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Definition
-whatever the client says is pain
-whenever the client says they are in pain
-we cannot even begin to est. the pain of another person (emotional or physical) |
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Term
| Emotional Context of pain |
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Definition
-primary consideration of client and family entering the HC environment
-TOTALLY subjective experience
-meaningful (labor pains=new life); (intractable pain from cancer=end of life)
-previous experience with pain (first time or chronic?) |
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Term
| When pain control is not controlled th pt will experience... |
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Definition
-fatigue
-fear
-anxiety
-depressession (hopelessness, powerlessness, withdrawl) |
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Term
| Generalized affects of pain on the body |
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Definition
•Hyperglycemia
•Immune system dysfunction
•Altered coagulation
•GI ileus
•Urinary retention
•Decreased lung volume
•Psychological distress |
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Term
| Physical Responses to Pain |
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Definition
•Grimacing, moaning, restlessness
•Pallor, fainting, rapid breathing
• BP, HR
•Muscle tension
•Pupil dilatation
•N/V, anorexia
• Blood glucose
(stress response) |
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Term
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Definition
-lasts less than 6 mo
-rapid onset
-moderate to severe
-self-limiting,
-often follows a predictable trajectory,
-dissipates after an injury heals
-warns individual of actual or potential tissue damage
ex. surgery, trauma, kidney stones |
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Term
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Definition
-longer than 6 mo.
-intermittent (1 time per day, 3 time per day) or persistent
-ex. cancer, progressive disorders
-malignanat (cancer related) or nonmalignant
-does not stop when injury heals, persists after the predicted trajectory |
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Term
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Definition
-resistant to therapy
-difficult to assess accuratly
-may lead to withdrawl, anger, depression
45-80% nursing home residents have pain
40% cancer pt have pain |
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Term
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Definition
-healing occurs at a faster rate if the client is not in excessive pain (ex. elevated blood glucose due to stress response)
-pt should be encouraged to utilize any pain management interventions necessary to reduce pain and decrease healing time |
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Term
| Protective function of pain |
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Definition
-body's defense mechanism that indicates the person is experiencing a problem
-alters activitiy and behaviors (garding) |
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Term
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Definition
-regulate the sensation of pain thru release of endogenous opioid compounds
-naturally present
-morphine-like chemical compund in spinal cord and brain-analgesic activity
-pain and fear activate the system
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Term
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Definition
•Produced at neural synapse in the CNS pathway
•Powerful pain blocking chemicals
•Have prolonged analgesic effect
•Can produce euphoria |
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Term
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Definition
•Widespread throughout the brain and spinal cord
•Less potent than endorphins
•Thought to reduce pain by inhibiting release a substance from the terminal afferent neuron |
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Term
| Pain as the 5th Vital Signs |
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Definition
•Pain management is a priority
•Pain assessment included in routine vital sign collection
•Always requires re-assessment after nursing intervention
Client education |
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Term
| Componenent of a pain assessment |
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Definition
•Duration of pain - continuous, intermittent, transient
•Location of pain - actual location or referred
•Intensity of pain - 0-10 scale, Faces Pain Scale or mild, moderate, severe
•Quality of pain - sharp, dull, stinging, cramping, gnawing |
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Term
| Component of pain assessment |
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Definition
•Chronology of pain - when did pain begin, time it changed
•Aggravating factors - things which make pain worse
•Alleviation factors - things which make pain better
•Physiologic indicators of pain - HR, BP
•Behavioral responses - grimacing, crying, guarding |
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Term
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Definition
•Pharmacologic measures
•Repositioning
•Distraction
–TV, conversation
•Guided imagery
•Massage
–Effleurage
•Music therapy
Physical presence |
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Term
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Definition
Nearly every type of human pain can be controlled |
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Term
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Definition
•JCAHO supports client’s right to pain management
•JCAHO recommends:
–Teaching pain rating scale
–Developing a pain-rating expected outcome
–If a facility does not have the resources to manage a client's pain adequately, the client MUST be transferred to a facility that does |
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Term
| Nurses Role on Pain Management |
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Definition
-competance in assessing pain
-develop effective pain management regiments w/ the pt
-Requires specialized nursing abilities to promote comfort and relieve pain |
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Term
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Definition
-public image of nurses
-clients need to trust caregiver to control pain
-greatest act a nurse can carry out is management of pain safely and sensitvly |
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