Term
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Definition
E: the study of relationships between organisms and their environment
B: the study of life
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Term
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Definition
the sum of the Earth's ecosystems- all life and where it lives
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Term
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Definition
AB: non-living chemical & physical factors
ex. sun, water, temp, wind, rock, soil
B: living factors
ex. organisms, plats, bacteria
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Term
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Definition
-chemical
-nitrogen
-phosphorus
-water
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Term
Steps & Stages of Ecological Succesion
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Definition
Primary- community arises in lifeless area with no soil
Secondary- disturbance has destroyed an existing community but soil intact
lichen/moss,grass,shrubs,little trees, big trees
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Term
Pioneer Species & Climax Community
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Definition
PS: first species to colonize in an area
CC: community will stay this way forever unless disturbed
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Term
Food Web & Trophic Levels
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Definition
FW: branching of food chains. Some consumers feed at different tropic levels.
TL: feeding relationships among the species- passing nutrients from plants to animals
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Term
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Definition
the cumulative loss of energy from a food chain. The size of each block is proportional to the productivity of each trophic level |
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Term
Percent of Energy Transfer
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Definition
-90% loss of energy with each food transfer in chain. (10% passed on to next level)
-most energy is used for everyday life processes.
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Term
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Definition
-break down organisms to recycle nutrients
-top level consumer in food web/chain
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Term
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Definition
the total mass of organisms in a given mass or volume
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Term
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Definition
a group of individuals of the same species living in a particular geographic area
all of the organisms inhabiting a particular area
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Term
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Definition
the community and its abiotic factors
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Term
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Definition
Logistic (S curve)- idealized population growth that is slowed by limiting factors. Lage phase, exponential growth, and level off to carrying capacity.
Exponential (J curve)- whole population multiplies by a constant factor during constant time intervals. Occurs under ideal unregulated conditions. |
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Term
Carrying Capacity & Limiting Factors
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Definition
-CC: number of individuals that an area can just support with no net increase or decrease
-LF: factors that restrict the population
ex. food, space
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Term
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Definition
one species (symbiont) lives in or on another species (the host)
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Term
Parasitism, Mutualism, Commensalism
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Definition
P: one organism benefits while the other is harmed
M: both partners benefit
C: one benefits and the other is neither benefited or harmed
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Term
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Definition
-major types of ecosystems that cover large geographic regions. Types of "landscapes".
-tropical rain forest, savanna, desert, chaparral(shrubland), grassland, deciduous forest, coniferous forest, tundra
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Term
Factors That Determine Biomes
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Definition
-climate, temperature, rainfall determine plants, and plants determine animals
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Term
Control vs. Experimental Group
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Definition
Control group is everything that must stay the exact same throughout the experiment
Experimental group is the thing that changes in each test
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Term
Discovery Driven Science & Hypothesis Driven Science
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Definition
DD: observations, measurements
HD: more formal, uses scientific method
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Term
6 Steps of Scientific Method
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Definition
1. Observations
2. Question
3. Hypothesis
4. Prediction
5. Test
6. Draw Data
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Term
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Definition
factors that influence a populations size, growth rate, density, and structure
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Term
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Definition
-clumped
-uniform
-random
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Term
Density-Dependent Factors & Density Independent Factors
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Definition
-DD: effects intensity as the population increases in size, ex. food, space
-DI: intensity unrelated to population density, ex. weather
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Term
Survivorship Curve and 3 Types
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Definition
-plots the number of organisms still alive at each age
#1. death rates increase with age. human
#2. death rates decrease with age. mussel
#3. mortality constant over life. squirrels
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