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Unit 1
History/Chemistry Tyler 16th edition
31
Environmental Studies
11th Grade
06/11/2011

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Term
Renewable resources
Definition
resources that are replenished in a period of time that will allow them to be replenished for hujan consumption.
Term
Nonrenewable resources
Definition
resources for which a fixed quanitiy is available for human use.
Term
Sustainability
Definition
the practice of using a resource at a rate that is less than or equal to the rate at which it is naturally replenished
Term
per capita
Definition
per person
Term
gross domestic product
Definition
annual market value of all goods and services produced by all firms and organizations, foreign and domestic, operating within a country.
Term
ecological footprint
Definition
the amount of biologically productive land and water that is required to provide all of the resources to support the lifestyle of the owner of the footprint, as well as to asorb all of the pollution produced by the process.
Term
ecosystem services
Definition
services provided by the environment such as photosynthesis and pollination
Term
Aldo Leopold
Definition
Early environmentalist know for the land ethics, stating that humans are only one member of a complex community and should not abuse nature. No one species has the right to deny another species the right on another species
Term
point source pollution
Definition
pollution originating from one source such as a smoke stack
Term
nonpoint source pollution
Definition
pollution source that introduces pollutants into the environment over a large area rather that at a single point such as runoff from an oil spill
Term
controlled experiment
Definition
an experiment in which all variables are kept the same except the one being tested
Term
independent variable
Definition
in variable in the experiment that is being tested
Term
dependent variabale
Definition
the variable in the experiment the changes as a result of the independent variable
Term
developed country
Definition
highly industrialized; high GDP
Term
devopling country
Definition
very little industry; low GDP
Term
anthropogenic
Definition
man-made chemicals in the environment
Term
pH
Definition
a logrithmic scale covering a range of 0-14 that is used to differentiate between acidic and basic environments.
Term
half-life
Definition
the time it take for one half of a radioactive material to decay
Term
heat
Definition
total kinetic energy of all randomly moving atoms,ions, or molecules within a given substances, excluding the overall motion of the whole object
Term
power
Definition
rate at which energy is used
Term
First Law of Thermodynamics
Definition
Energy is neither created or destroyed, only changed in form.
Term
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Definition
In all energy conversions some low quality heaqt mut alway be produced. This prevents the reversal of an energy transformations and the construction of an device with 100% efficiency
Term
open system
Definition
systems that exchange both energy and matter across their boundaries
Term
closed systems
Definition
systems that exchanged only energy but not matter across their boundaries.
Term
isolated systems
Definition
systems that exchange neither energy nor matter across their boundaries.
Term
positive feedback loop
Definition
feedback loop that causes a system to change further in the same direction
Term
negative feedback system
Definition
feedback systme that causes a system to cahnge further in the opposite directionl
Term
input
Definition
energy and matter that enters a system
Term
output
Definition
energy and matter that leaves a system
Term
poverty
Definition
without the nmeans to provide for daiy needs; obstacle to sustainability.
Term
affluence
Definition
the rapid unsustainable consumption of resources that is associated with the lifestyles of developed countries.
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