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| science of behavior and the mind |
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| unobservable, mental processes, thoughts, feelings, sensations, dreams, and memories |
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| an objecive wat to answer questions |
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1. Description
2. Explanation
3. Preduction
4. Controlling behavior
5. Improve quality of life |
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| abnormal behavior and psychological disorders treated by psychologists and psychiatrists |
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| Psyche factors in physical health |
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| normal issues, and providing guidance |
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| Change over span of life time; social cognitive, and personality |
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| school guidance counselors |
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| study psych of learning and teaching |
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| Brain and behavior, uses of animal clients |
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| lab focus, animals and humans, learning, memory, and motivation; gets treatment |
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| Experimental, memory and perception, higher level process |
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| social influences on thinking and behavior |
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| Industrial/organizational |
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| people and work, job statisfaction, training and selection |
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emphasized study of the most basic components or structures of conscious experience
- Wundt
- self-reflection |
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stressed the importance of how behavior functions to allow people and animals to adapt to their environments
- William James |
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| examined the principles organize perception and conscious experience |
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Empasized the study of overt behavior, especially as they related to learning to responses to stimuli in their environment
- John Watson |
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Emphasized human behavior as influenced by childhood experiences and motivated by unconscious conflicts
- Sigmund Freud |
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| Perspective is a way of viewing phenomena; multiple perspective |
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| Behavioral, Biological, Psychoanalytic, Cognitive, Humanistic, and Social |
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| Common sense and intuition often tells us about psychology |
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| tendency to believe after learning an outcome that one would have forseen it, "I knew it all along" |
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| we think we know more than we do |
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| facts, developing theories, testing hypotheses, public and repeatable |
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| prediction about new facts, and it can be proven |
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| a setting designed for research, may be artificial, provide uniform conditions |
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| behavior observed in real world setting, little control, more realistic |
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| a statement of procedures used to define research variables |
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procedures in which people rate or describe their own behavior or mental state
- questionnaires |
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researchers directly observe and record behavior rather than relying on participant descriptions
- minimalizing lying |
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| researchers records behavior as it occurs naturally |
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| researcher presents stimuli or problems and records responses |
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| Describes a set of facts, doesn't look for relationships b/t facts, and doesn't predict what may influence |
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| an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles |
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| collects a set of facts organized into two or more categories; possibly unmeasurable |
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| direct way to test a hypothesis about a cause and effect relationship b/t factors |
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| the controlled factor in an experiment |
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| every member of the population being studied should have an equal chance of being selected for the study |
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| every participant in the study should have an equal chance of being placed in either the experimental or control group |
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| measures whether 2 variables change in a related way (-, +, or not related) |
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| descriptive stats summarize a data set, give the probability that the sample is like the world at large |
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| uncontrolled variables that influence results |
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| Observer/Experimenter, and Subject/Participant |
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| minimize expectancy by removing knowledge about experimental conditions |
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| when a participant are kept uniformed as to the treatment they are recieving |
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| when both participant and experimental are kept uniformed about aspects of the study that could lead to a differential expectations |
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| repeating the essence of a research study to see whether the basic finding generalizes to other participants circumstances |
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| anonymous of confidental responses |
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| knew enough about what's going to happen in the study to decide if you want to particpate |
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| told about purpose of experiment when its finished; established by APA |
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| a perosn's general style of intereacting w/ the world; individuality |
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| method of expaling the unconscious, person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind no matter how trivial or embarassing |
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| slips in speech that give insight into the unconscious |
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| according to Freud an inaccessible warehouse of anxiety, producing thoughts and drives |
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| information tha is not conscious, but is retrievable into conscious awareness |
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| all things we are aware of at any given moment |
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| unconscious psychic energy |
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| intervened ideals and moral standards |
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| largely conscious; mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and ego |
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| ego's way of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality |
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| basic defense mechanism that eliminates anxiety - arousing, thoughts, feelings and memories |
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| retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage of developmental |
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| unconsciously switching unacceptable impulses into their opposite |
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| people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others |
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| offering excuses in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious, reason's for one's actions |
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| shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object/person |
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| people rechannel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activites |
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| provides an ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's needs and motivation |
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| Thematic Appreciation Test |
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| a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interest through the stoires they make up about ambiguous scenes |
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| the most widely used projective test, try to indetify peoples inner feelings |
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Term
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| retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage of developmental |
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Term
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Definition
| unconsciously switching unacceptable impulses into their opposite |
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Term
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Definition
| people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others |
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Term
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Definition
| offering excuses in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious, reason's for one's actions |
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Term
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Definition
| shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object/person |
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Term
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| people rechannel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activites |
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Term
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Definition
| provides an ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's needs and motivation |
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Term
| Thematic Appreciation Test |
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Definition
| a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interest through the stoires they make up about ambiguous scenes |
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Term
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Definition
| the most widely used projective test, try to indetify peoples inner feelings |
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